胰岛类器官研究及应用进展

Advances in research and application of islet organoids

类器官是由多能干细胞、新生组织干细胞或成体干细胞衍生的3D结构,它能在体外模拟组织器官发生过程与稳态维持,并具备类似于体内组织器官的生理过程。1型糖尿病(T1DM)是一种以高血糖为特征的内分泌代谢性疾病。T1DM的治疗主要是外源胰岛素注射来降低血糖,但是这不能完全根治T1DM。胰岛器官移植被认为是最有可能治愈糖尿病的方法之一,但是供体的缺乏也限制着T1DM的治疗。目前,将胰岛类器官培养与器官芯片、材料科学等新兴技术结合,能够突破传统模型的瓶颈,为胰岛移植治疗糖尿病临床应用研究提供新的方向。本文对近些年来国内外胰岛类器官的研究进展进行综述,为胰岛类器官移植治疗糖尿病的临床应用研究提供参考。

Organoids are 3D structures derived from pluripotent stem cells, newborn tissue stem cells or adult stem cells, which can simulate organogenesis and homeostasis in vitro. Organoids can show similar physiological processes to those of tissues and organs in vivo. Type 1 diabetes(T1DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. The treatment of T1DM is mainly exogenous insulin injection to depress blood sugar level, but cannot completely cure T1DM. Islet transplantation is one of the most effective ways to cure diabetes. However,the lack of donors severely limits the clinical application. At present, the combination of islet culture with organ chip, material science and other emerging technologies can break through the bottleneck and provide a new direction for the clinical application of islet transplantation in the treatment of diabetes. This review summarizes the progress of islet organoides development in recent years and provides reference for the clinical application in the treatment of diabetes.