河南省金矿山尾矿金属资源调查及综合利用分析

Investigation and comprehensive utilization analysis of metal resources in tailings of gold mines in Henan Province, China

矿山尾矿是污染源,但也是潜在的低开采成本资源,是绿色矿山建设的重要研究对象。河南省是我国的金矿生产大省,金矿山尾矿的资源潜力分析是相应尾矿综合利用的基础。笔者对河南省代表性金矿山尾矿堆存和利用情况进行了调研,对尾矿库进行了系统样品采集,通过尾矿共伴生金属元素测定和工艺矿物学研究,对金矿山尾矿综合利用潜力进行评估。研究表明,大部分金矿山尾矿的Au、Te平均含量超过其综合利用指标,部分尾矿的Ag、W、Mo、Pb和Zn平均含量超过其综合利用指标。尾矿堆存量约6700万吨,蕴含Au 18吨、Ag 184吨、Te 196吨,潜在经济价值约60亿元;载W独立矿物粒径相对大、解离度高,载Ag独立矿物粒径、解离度差别较大,载Au独立矿物粒径小、解离度低,需要针对具体尾矿的利用设计不同的回收技术。国内对回收金矿山尾矿中Au、W等元素已经有较好技术积累和矿山示范,但河南省仅有个别金矿山综合回收尾矿的Au,建议国家出台相应鼓励政策,加强相关研究,推进金矿山尾矿金属资源综合利用。

Though the mine tailing is a source of pollution, it also is a potential low-cost resource and an important research object for constructing the green mine. Henan Province is one of the major gold producers in China. The comprehensive utilization of corresponding tailings of gold mines in Henan Province is based on the resource potential analysis of those tailings. In this study, we have investigated the storage and utilization of tailings of representative gold mines, and systematically collected samples of tailings from tailing ponds of gold mines, and evaluated their potentials of comprehensive utilization by testing contents of various associated metal elements of tailings and undertaking the research of process mineralogy of tailings of gold mines in Henan Province. The result show that the average contents of Au and Te in tailings of most gold mines are higher than their comprehensive utilization indexes, but the average contents of Ag, W,Mo, Pb and Zn in tailings of a few gold mines are higher than their comprehensive utilization indexes. There is about 67million tons of stocked tailings which contain 18 tons of Au, 183.5 tons of Ag, and 196.3 tons of Te, with the potential economic value of about 6 billion yuan. The results also show that the W-carrying independent minerals have relatively large particle sizes and high dissociation degrees. The Ag-carrying independent minerals have obviously different particle sizes and dissociation degrees. The Au-containing independent minerals have small particle sizes and low dissociation degrees. Therefore, different recovery technologies need to be designed for the utilization of those elements(W, Ag, Au) in specific tailings. In China, there are relatively good techniques for recovering Au and W in tailings of some demonstrated gold mines. However, the comprehensive recycle of Au in tailings has been carried out only in a few gold mines in Henan Province. Therefore, it is suggested that some corresponding encouragement policies should be issued by the national government in order to strengthen related researches and to promote the comprehensive utilization of metal resources from tailings in gold mines.