2016-2020年南通市通州区水痘流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of varicella,Tongzhou district,Nantong city,2016-2020

目的了解江苏省南通市通州区年水痘的流行特征及规律,为制定水痘防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对南通市通州区水痘发病情况及暴发疫情信息进行分析。结果南通市通州区2016-2020年共报告水痘4855例,年平均发病率为86.39/10万(971/1123982),发病率总体呈上升趋势(P<0.01);患者发病年龄主要集中在15岁以下儿童,占70.28%(3412/4855),不同年龄组间发病率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);职业构成以学生(2578例)、幼托儿童(1052例)为主,分别占报告总病例数的53.10%、21.67%;2016-2020年共接种水痘疫苗18936人,年平均接种率为0.34/10万(196/1123982),发病患者中完成接种人数的比例为0.31%(15/4855)。结论幼托儿童、学生为南通市通州区水痘的高发人群,加强学校和托幼机构防控工作是预防水痘发病的关键。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and laws of varicella in Tongzhou district,Nantong city,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating varicella prevention and control measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence and outbreak information of varicella in Tongzhou district,Nantong city.Results A total of 4855cases of varicella were reported in Tongzhou district,Nantong city during 2016-2020,the average annual incidence was 86.39/105(971/1123982),and the incidence was increasing(P<0.01);The age of cases was mainly in children under 15years old,accounting for 70.28%(3412/4855),and the incidence of different age groups was statistically significant(P<0.01);The occupational composition was dominated by students(2578cases)and preschool children(1052cases),accounting for 53.10%and 21.67%of the total reported cases respectively;From 2016to 2020,18936people were vaccinated with varicella vaccine,with an average annual vaccination rate of 0.34/105(196/1123982),and the proportion of patients who completed vaccination was 0.31%(15/4855).Conclusion Preschool children and students are the high-risk population of chickenpox.Strengthening prevention and control work in schools and nurseries is the key to prevent varicella.