孕妇照顾者碘缺乏病防治知识及行为调查

Investigation on knowledge and practice of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control among main caregivers of pregnant women in trimester

目的:了解孕妇照顾者碘缺乏病防治知识及行为情况,以及其相关影响因素,为有效提升孕妇碘营养水平提供科学依据。方法:2020年4月,采用分层抽样方法,分别在杭州市的城区、郊区和乡村各选择2个区县,每个区县按照东、西、南、北、中5个方位选取5个妇幼保健机构作为调查点,采用面对面问卷调查了解孕妇照顾者碘缺乏病防治知识和行为状况。结果:共对601例孕妇照顾者开展有效调查,其中有68.9%(414/601)的孕妇照顾者知晓食用加碘食盐是碘缺乏病最佳预防措施,但有15.0%(90/601)认为食用海产品是最佳预防措施;有41.9%(252/601)的孕妇照顾者会主动选购含碘丰富食物烹饪,且有63.6%(382/601)会选择加碘食盐。城区、郊区和农村孕妇照顾者间碘缺乏病防治知识知晓和行为情况比较,差异均有统计学意义( P均< 0.05)。孕妇照顾者中,男性有50.3%(87/173)会主动选购含碘丰富食物烹饪,高于女性的38.6%(165/ 428),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2) = 6.97, P = 0.008);不同年龄孕妇照顾者间主动选购含碘丰富食物烹饪情况比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2) = 12.61, P = 0.013);不同文化程度孕妇照顾者间主动选购含碘丰富食物烹饪及选择加碘食盐情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2) = 29.34、39.42, P均< 0.001)。 结论:杭州市孕妇照顾者碘缺乏病防治知识知晓情况、防治行为形成情况均较差,应加强孕妇照顾者的主动宣教,促进母婴健康。

Objective To learn about the knowledge and practice of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)prevention and control among main caregivers of pregnant women in trimester and its related influencing factors,so as to provide a scientific basis for effectively improving the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women.Methods In April 2020,using the stratified sampling method,2 districts and counties were selected in the urban,suburban and rural areas of Hangzhou City,respectively,and 5 maternal and child health care institutions were selected as the survey sites in each district and county according to the five directions of East,West,South,North and Middle.A face-to-face questionnaire investigation was used to investigate the knowledge and practice of IDD prevention and control among main caregivers of pregnant women.Results Totally 601 caregivers of pregnant women were investigated.Among them,68.9%(414/601)knew that eating iodized salt was the best way to prevent IDD.However,15.0%(90/601)thought that eating seafood was the best way to prevent IDD.And 41.9%(252/601)caregivers of pregnant women would actively purchase iodine-rich food for cooking,and 63.6%(382/601)would choose iodized salt.There were statistically significant differences in the knowledge and practice of IDD prevention and control among caregivers of pregnant women in urban,suburban and rural areas(P<0.05).And 50.3%(87/173)male caregivers would actively purchase iodine-rich food for cooking,which was higher than that of female caregivers[38.6%(165/428)],the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.97,P=0.008).There was a statistically significant difference between the caregivers of pregnant women of different ages in actively purchasing iodine-rich food for cooking(χ^(2)=12.61,P=0.013).And there were statistically significant differences between the caregivers of pregnant women with different educational levels in actively purchasing iodine-rich food for cooking and choosing iodized salt(χ^(2)=29.34,39.42,P<0.001).Conclusions The awareness of knowledge about IDD prevention and control and the formation of prevention and control behavior among caregivers of pregnant women in Hangzhou City are poor.Active education of caregivers of pregnant women should be strengthened to promote maternal and infant health.