日本产学官合作的主导辨析

An Analysis of the Leading Role Industry-Academia-Government Cooperation in Japan

多年来,我国学界普遍认为日本政府是产学官合作的主导,这种观点值得商榷。从历史上看,20世纪50-80年代日本企业是产学官合作的主导,但90年代后“官”的引导作用渐趋增强;从投入上看,激烈的市场竞争驱使日本企业成为产学官合作创新的主要力量,“官”的支援十分有限;从履责上看,“官”遵循市场经济规律,为产学官合作制定了相应的政策法规,提供一定的财政支援和税收补贴,为科技成果转移、转化铺路搭桥,而非代替市场“越界”主导。企业是市场经济的主体,是市场需求最灵敏的感应者,它决定着产学研合作的向度、深度和效度。

For many years, Chinese academic circles generally believe that the Japanese government is the leader of Industry University official cooperation, which is debatable.Historically, Japanese companies have always played the role of advocating and constructing various industry-university-research cooperative organizations.Although the government is an “official”, it lacks its position or occupies a secondary position.In terms of investment, the fierce market competition drives Japanese enterprises to become the main force of Industry University official cooperation and innovation, and the support of “officials” is very limited.From the perspective of responsibility performance, “officials” follow the laws of the market economy, formulate corresponding legal systems for industry-university-research cooperation, provide certain financial support and tax subsidies, and provide necessary coordination assistance, rather than taking the place of “crossing the border” of the market.Industry university research cooperation is essentially an economic activity aimed at scientific and technological innovation.Enterprise is the main body of market economy and the most sensitive sensor of market demand, which determines the direction of resource allocation and the success or failure of industry university research cooperation.