非洲猪瘟的流行病学及疫苗研究新进展

Epidemiology of African Swine Fever and Progress in Vaccine Research

非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起的猪急性、出血性传染病,病毒主要的靶细胞是单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞。自1921年在非洲首次报道非洲猪瘟后,此病已传播至欧洲、南美洲和亚洲。2018年8月,我国暴发首例非洲猪瘟疫情,随后几个月,疫情扩散到全国大部分省市,而且我国周边的国家越南、蒙古、柬埔寨和韩国等也相继暴发了非洲猪瘟疫情。疫苗接种被认为是阻止非洲猪瘟病毒蔓延的有效手段,尽管科研人员经过长时间的努力研究,但到目前仍没有既安全又有效的疫苗问世。本文将从非洲猪瘟病毒的流行病学特征和疫苗研究的最新进展加以综述。

African swine fever virus(ASFV)causes acute and hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs and wild boars and the virus mainly targets monocytes and pulmonary alveolar macrophages.Since ASF was fi rst reported in Africa in 1921,it has spread to many parts of the world.In August 2018,the fi rst ASF cases was reported in China and the disease rapidly spread out most of provinces in the following months.At meanwhile,the disease was also identifi ed in neighboring countries,such as Vietnam,Mongolia,Cambodia and South Korea.Vaccination has long been considered as one of the most effective methods for stopping the spread of ASF but safe and effective vaccines have not been available so far.In the article we will mainly summarize the epidemiology of ASF and research progress in vaccine development.