石松生物碱化学成分和生物活性研究进展

Research progress on chemical constituents and biological activities of Lycopodium alkaloids

石松生物碱是指从石松科(Lycopodiaceae)、石杉科(Huperziaceae)及其近缘亲属植物中分离得到的一类具有生源相同、结构相似且骨架丰富多样的生物碱。目前已有600余个石松生物碱被报道,其根据化学结构特征可划分为4大基本骨架类型,分别为lycopodine、lycodine、fawcettidane和miseelaneous型。miseelaneous型骨架多变,主要以phlegmarine型为主,也有少量cernuane型。部分此类化合物在胆碱酯酶抑制、神经保护和细胞毒等方面表现出良好的活性。对2015年8月—2022年1月报道的161个石松生物碱的化学结构、植物来源和生物活性进行总结,以期为该类成分的后续研究提供参考。

Lycopodium alkaloids, a class of alkaloids with the same biological source, similar structure, and diverse skeletons, isolated from Lycopodiaceae and Huperziaceae and their close relatives. To date, more than 600 Lycopodium alkaloids have been reported,which are divided into four types: lycopodine type, lycodine type, fawcettidane type and miseelaneous type. The miseelaneous type skeleton is changeable, mainly with phlegmarine type, but also with a few of cernuane type. Some compounds show good activities in cholinesterase inhibition, neuroprotection, and cytotoxicity, etc. Chemical constituents, systematic classification, and biological activities of 161 Lycopodium alkaloids reported in the literature from August, 2015 to January, 2022 were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide reference for further studies of Lycopodium alkaloids.