数字经济与后危机时代资本主义劳资关系的演化探析--基于马克思价值运动理论的视角

Research on Digital Economy and the Evolution of Capitalist Labor Relations in the Post-Crisis Era--From the Perspective of Marx’s Theory of Value Movement

马克思曾深刻揭示出资本主义劳资关系具有不可调和的对抗性。以马克思价值运动理论为基础,从价值生产、价值实现、价值分配三重视阈构建了劳资关系综合指标体系,测算了1995—2019年美国、日本、欧盟劳资关系综合指数,对比分析了后危机时代主要资本主义国家劳资关系的演化特征。结果显示,整体来看,美国劳资矛盾最为严重,且在金融危机后急剧恶化。分视角来看,价值生产领域欧盟因失业率长期较高,劳资矛盾最大;价值实现领域美国消费支出占比过高,劳资矛盾最大且持续加剧,日本和欧盟则相对稳定;价值分配领域美国基尼系数太高,劳资矛盾最大且不断恶化。未来,随着新一轮技术革命向纵深发展,资本主义劳资矛盾将进一步转移和深化。

Marx once profoundly revealed the irreconcilable antagonism of capitalist labor relations. Based on Marx’s theory of value movement, this paper constructs a comprehensive index system of labor relations from the perspectives of value production, value realization and value distribution, calculates the comprehensive index of labor relations in the United States, Japan and the European Union from 1995 to 2019, and comparatively analyzes the evolution characteristics of labor relations in major capitalist countries in the post-crisis era. The results show that, on the whole, the contradiction between labor and capital in the United States is the most serious, and it has deteriorated sharply after the financial crisis. From different perspectives, in the field of value production, the EU’s long-term high unemployment rate leads to the biggest labor and capital contradiction;in the field of value realization, the US’s high proportion of consumption expenditure leads to the biggest labor and capital contradiction while Japan and the EU are relatively stable;in the field of value distribution, the US’s high Gini coefficient leads to the biggest and continuous deterioration of labor and capital contradiction, which is still getting worse. In the future, with the further development of a new round of technological revolution, the contradiction between labor and capital in capitalism will be further transferred and deepened.