北京市丰台区老年人免费流感疫苗接种效果评价

Evaluation on effectiveness of free influenza vaccination among the elderly in Fengtai District of Beijing

目的评价北京市丰台区老年人接种免费流感疫苗的效果。方法随机抽取丰台区2019年10—11月434名接种免费流感疫苗的60周岁以上的老年人作为接种组,选取2019年未接种流感疫苗的60周岁以上的434名老年人作为对照组。采用统一设计的调查问卷,收集调查对象的基本情况、接种疫苗后一年内流感样病例、呼吸系统疾病和心脑血管疾病的发生及就诊情况。结果接种免费流感疫苗3个月内,接种组流感样病例的发病率(1.61%)低于对照组的发病率(5.07%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.027,P=0.005)。接种免费流感疫苗3个月内、4-6个月、7-12个月流感样病例的保护率分别为68.24%、16.67%、25.00%,流感样病例就医行为的保护率分别为40.00%、25.00%、50.00%;呼吸系统疾病的保护率分别为25.45%、-29.93%、-67.03%,呼吸系统疾病就医行为的保护率分别为19.97%、-8.70%、-57.14%;心脑血管系统疾病的保护率分别为40.00%、16.67%、-25.00%,心脑血管系统疾病就医行为的保护率分别为60.00%、75.00%、-25.00%。结论老年人接种流感疫苗可明显减少流感样病例的发生。

Objective To estimate the effectiveness of free influenza vaccination in elderly population in Fengtai District,Beijing.Methods We randomly selected 434 senior citizens inoculated with free influenza vaccines and aged above 60 years in Fengtai District of Beijing from October to November 2019 to serve as the vaccinated group,and 434 elderly people over 60 years old who were not vaccinated against the flu in 2019 were selected as the control group.A uniformly designed questionnaire was used to collect the general information of the subjects,and the incidence and treatment seeking of influenza-like cases,respiratory diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases within one year after vaccination.Results The incidence of influenza-like illness in the vaccinated group(1.61%)was significantly lower than that in the control group(5.07%)within 3 months after the free influenza vaccination,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=8.027,P=0.005).The rates of protective effect against influenza-like illness within 3,4-6 and 7-12 months after free influenza vaccination were 68.24%,16.67%and 25.00%,respectively,and the protective rates of seeking medical treatment due to influenza-like illness were 40.00%,25.00%and 50.00%,respectively.The protective rates of respiratory system diseases were 25.45%,-29.93%and-67.03%,respectively,and the protective rates of seeking medical treatment due to respiratory system diseases were 19.97%,-8.70%and-57.14%,respectively.The protective rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were 40.00%,16.67%and-25.00%,respectively,and the protective rate of seeking medical treatment for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were 60.00%,75.00%and-25.00%,respectively.Conclusion Influenza vaccination for the elderly can significantly reduce the incidence of influenza like illness.