复调与对话:论《坎坷喧嚣的道路》中的死亡书写

Polyphony and Dialogue: A Study of the Description about Death in Rough and Rowdy Ways

鲍勃·迪伦在其新歌专辑《坎坷喧嚣的道路》中以死亡为主题,审视了逼近自身的自然死亡,反思了20世纪60年代层出不穷的民权领袖遇刺事件。分析专辑中的歌词后发现,其死亡书写具有叙事手法、结构和内容上的多重对话性,体现出明显的复调特征。迪伦采用复调与对话技巧从多个角度书写死亡,探讨个人超越肉体死亡的方法,呈现美国社会系统暴力造成的政治谋杀与自由理想之间的矛盾冲突,使得听者无意识地加入对话,推动其有意识地进行思考。通过发挥个人的主体能动性,鲍勃·迪伦在一定程度上摆脱了美国社会主流话语的裹挟,为大众走出失语状态注入了动力。

Bob Dylan takes “Death” as the subject of his new album, Rough and Rowdy Ways, which deals with the pressing natural death of himself and the political assassinations of Civil Rights leaders. Through analysis of the lyrics, it is found that his description about death contains multiple dialogues in narrative technique, structure and content, embodying significant polyphonic characteristics. By describing death from multi-perspectives through the skills of polyphony and dialogues, Dylan explores how an individual can transcend physical death artistically, reflects on the conflicts between the political murders and the ideal freedom of the American social system, so that the listeners can be involved unwittingly in the dialogues and may be further motivated to think independently. By giving play to the subject initiative, the individuals get rid of the bondage of mainstream discourse in American society to a certain extent, so as to gain the power to get out of the aphasia state.