能量配比对A7N01铝合金激光-MIG复合焊焊缝的影响

Effects of Energy Ratio on Welded Joint in Laser-MIG Hybrid Welding of A7N01 Alloy

为优化厚板铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接工艺,提高焊接效率,分别对固定激光功率和固定电弧功率两种模式下,激光和电弧能量配比系数η(P_(L)/P_(MIG))对焊缝成形的影响及焊接接头组织进行分析。研究发现,激光功率一定时,随η增大,焊缝熔深、熔宽均减小,焊缝深宽比变化不大;在固定电弧功率时,随η增大,焊缝熔深、熔宽、深宽比均增大。激光热源对焊缝熔深、熔宽均有一定影响,电弧热源主要影响焊缝熔宽。在固定激光功率时,随η增大焊缝气孔率减小,而在固定电弧功率时,焊缝气孔率随着η增大而增大。固定电弧功率时,随η增大,焊缝激光作用区内Mg含量降低,Zn含量升高。分别采用η=1.5和η=0.25的工艺参数进行了12 mm厚A7N01铝合金板对接打底焊和盖面焊,得到的焊缝成形优良,接头抗拉强度达到母材的78.95%。

In order to optimize the laser-MIG hybrid welding process of thick aluminum alloy and improve the welding efficiency,the effects of laser and arc energy ratio coefficient η(P_(L)/P_(MIG)) on the weld formation and welded joint structure were analyzed under the two modes of fixed laser power and fixed arc power,respectively.The results indicate that in the fixed laser power mode,the weld penetration and penetration width are decreased,and the aspect ratio of the weld has little change with the increase of η.In the fixed arc power mode,the weld penetration,melting width and the aspect ratio are all increased with the increase of η.The laser heat source has a certain influence on the weld penetration depth and width,while the arc heat source mainly affects the weld penetration width.In the fixed laser power mode,the weld porosity is decreased with the increase of η,which is inverse in the fixed arc power mode.In the fixed arc power mode,Mg content in the laser action area of the weld is decreased,while Zn content is increased with the increase of η.The 12 mm thick plate A7 N01 aluminum alloy butt bottom welding and cover welding were carried out using the process parameters of η=1.5 and η=0.25,and weld joint is well formed,where the tensile strength of the joint reaches 78.95% of the base material.