长江经济带湖南区域外来植物入侵现状及防控对策

Current situation and control of alien plant invasion in the Hunan region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

【目的】了解长江经济带湖南区域外来入侵植物的种类构成、区系组成和区域分布,推进长江经济带湖南区域的生物多样性保护。【方法】采用实地踏查法开展长江经济带湖南区域外来入侵植物调查,以文献访查法对调查区域的入侵植物物种进行补充分析。【结果】长江经济带湖南区域有外来入侵植物41科102属146种,其中,菊科植物最多(35种),占入侵植物总种数的23.97%;外来入侵植物原产于美洲的最多(99种),占入侵植物总种数的67.81%;从生活型组成看,草本植物是长江经济带湖南区域外来入侵植物的主要组成部分,占比82.88%;从科的分布区系特征看,世界广布类型是入侵植物的主要区系类型(19科),占总科数的46.34%;从属的分布区系特征看,泛热带分布类型最多(32属),占总属数的31.38%。【结论】长江经济带湖南区域外来植物入侵呈现种类多、增速快、危害程度加重等特点,应加强对菊科入侵植物和来源于美洲入侵植物的监管。

【Aim】 This study aimed to understand the species composition,and regional distribution of alien invasive plants and to promote biodiversity conservation in the Hunan region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.【Method】 A field investigation of invasive plants in the Hunan region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was carried out and was supplemented with a literature review.【Result】 A total of 146 alien invasive species belonging to 102 genera and 41 families were observed in the Hunan region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The predominant species were those belonging to Asteraceae(35 species),accounting for 23.97% of the total number of invasive plant species.The largest number of invasive alien plants(99 species or 67.81% of the total number of species) originated from America.In terms of life form composition,herbaceous plants were predominant among the invasive plants in the Hunan region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,accounting for 82.88% of the total number of invasive plants.In terms of floristic characteristics,most were from worldwide distribution type(19 families) and invasive,accounting for 46.34% of the total number of families.In terms of the floristic characteristics of the genera,the most abundant were pantropical distribution types(32 genera),accounting for 31.38% of the total number of genera.【Conclusion】 The exotic invasive plants in the Hunan region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt were diverse with most exhibiting rapid growth rates,and the harmful degree was increasing.Furthermore,it is necessary to strengthen the management of invasive plants of the family Asteraceae and those from America.