基于绿色基础设施评价方法的生态网络识别与构建——以大连市旅顺口区为例

Ecological Network Identification and Construction Based on GIA Concept:A Case Study of Lüshunkou District in Dalian City

以大连市旅顺口区为研究对象,基于绿色基础设施评价(GIA)方法,通过构建生态建设空间必要性模型识别生态源地。运用最小累积阻力模型和水文分析构建潜在陆域和水域生态廊道,基于重力模型分析生境斑块间的作用强度,利用连通评价指数提出生态网络构建方案。结果表明:(1)共构建219个生态建设空间斑块,其中面积大于1km~2的有13个,多为极重要和较重要生态源地分布区,主要分布于研究区的南部和西北部山地。(2)初步生成的86条潜在陆域生态廊道中,重复廊道较多且交叉严重,而通过MCR模型构建的生态廊道缺少了水域生态廊道。(3)选取相互作用强度>0.7的陆域生态廊道为重要陆域生态廊道,共17条;当汇水面积为2.25km~2时,水域生态廊道为9条,能较好地连通各生态建设空间。(4)将生态建设空间和生态廊道的重要性评价分为三级,I级生态源地和生态廊道为生态网络的核心区,位于旅顺口区西南部,以林地、耕地和水域为主,有利于物种迁移,应优先考虑对其进行保护和建设。

Taking Lüshunkou District of Dalian City as an example,this paper identified ecological source areas by establishing the ecological construction space necessity model based on the concept of green infrastructure assessment(GIA).This paper constructed potential land and water ecological corridors by the minimum cumulative resistance model and the hydrology analysis.Based on the gravity model,this paper analyzed the interaction intensity between habitat patches and proposed an ecological network construction scheme using connectivity evaluation index.The results showed that:(1)A total of 219 ecological construction patches was constructed in this study,among which 13 patches were larger than 1 km~2.Most of them were extremely important and important ecological source areas,mainly distributed in the southern and northwestern mountains of the study area.(2)The 86 potential land ecological corridors initially generated had many repetitive corridors and serious crossings,and the ecological corridors constructed by MCR model lacks the water ecological corridors.(3)The 17 land ecological corridors with interaction intensity>0.7 were selected as important land ecological corridors.When the catchment area was 2.25 km~2,there were 9 water ecological corridors,which could better connect each ecological construction space.(4)The importance evaluation of ecological construction space and ecological corridors was divided into three levels,and the priority was given to the protection and construction of ecological sources and ecological corridors of level I.Mainly located in the southwest of Lüshunkou District,it was the core area of the ecological network,dominated by woodland,arable land and water area,and was conducive to species migration.