居住方式、居住环境与农村老年人生活满意度--基于CLASS2016调查数据的实证分析

The Effect of Living Arrangements and Living Environment on Life Satisfaction of Rural Older Adults in China:Empirical Analysis Based on CLASS 2016 Survey Data

老年人生活满意度是生活质量的核心指标,农村老年人的居住因素对其生活满意度的提高有重要意义。文章利用2016年中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)数据,运用线性回归模型,分析中国农村老年人居住方式、居住环境对其生活满意度的影响。结果发现:2016年中国农村老年人对生活满意的比例为59.03%;中国老年人生活满意度基本呈现出随城市中心、城市边缘、农村和镇逐渐递减的“涟漪状”规律,生活满意度最低的老年群体为生活在市/县城区以外的镇、农村的老年人。生活在农村社区或由农村社区转变的城市社区中的老年人生活满意度相对最低。农村独居、隔代居住的老年人生活满意度显著低于空巢、两代共居、三代共居、其他居住方式的老年人。居住在楼房、住房有浴室、网络信号对农村老年人生活满意度有显著的正向作用。农村社区内有老年活动室、健身室、图书室、室外活动场地对老年人生活满意度有显著的正向作用。

Based on the 2016 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(CLASS),this paper studies the influence of living arrangements and living environment on the life satisfaction of the rural elderly in China.The results indicate that in 2016,59.03%of rural elderly reported being satisfied with their lives.The life satisfaction of the elderly in China generally shows a shape of“ripple”–the life satisfaction was gradually decreased from the inner city,urban suburb to rural areas,and the elderly group in rural communities or even the urban communities but transferred from rural communities expressed the lowest life satisfaction.The living satisfaction of the elderly people living alone or living with grandchildren only was significantly lower than the other living arrangements such as empty nest,two generations,three generations,and others.As for the housing conditions,the type of housing,bathroom,and wi-fi signal had positive effects on the life satisfaction of rural elderly.In rural communities,the facilities such as the activity room,gym,library,and outdoor playground had positive effects on the life satisfaction of the elderly in rural areas.