地方知识下的公共卫生治理与乡村文明建设——以贵州某水族村落改厕实践为例

Public Health Management and Rural Civilization Construction in the Perspective of Local Knowledge:The Case of Rural Latrine Reconstruction in a Shui-inhabited Village in Guizhou Province

公共卫生常被作为迈向现代文明社会的重要路径,而传统、地方和民族文化却常被视为卫生之道的障碍。农村改厕贯穿我国公共卫生治理始终,是研究民族地区实践困境的切入点,也是探讨传统习惯与现代文明、本土观念与科学知识等宏大命题的孔径。贵州某水族村落的案例展示了改厕运动是如何借助地方知识的作用,转变为一场修复共同体、重建乡村秩序和重塑身体道德的实践,不仅实现了防治疾病和改善环境的直接目的,而且也在一定程度上推进了乡村文明重建。由此可见,坚持科学原则、借助地方知识和扎根文化传统可被作为乡村公共卫生治理的“中国经验”,为实现乡村振兴和共建人类卫生健康共同体提供重要参考。

Public health is often taken as an important indicator to a modern civilized society, while traditional, local and ethnic cultures are often taken as the obstacles to good public health. Rural latrine reconstruction runs through the public health management in China, which is often regarded as a starting point of studying the practical dilemmas in the ethnic minority areas of China and an approach to the study of such grand topics as the relationship between traditional customs and modern civilization, and the relationship between local concepts and scientific knowledge. The case of a Shui-inhabited village in Guizhou province reveals how public health programs can be transformed into a restoration of the community, a reconstruction of rural order, and a reshaping of physical morality with the help of local knowledge, which has not only realized the purpose of preventing and curing diseases and improving the living environment, but also promoted the reconstruction of rural civilization to a certain degree. Thus, adhering to scientific principles and taking root in cultural traditions based on local knowledge can be regarded as Chinese experiences of rural public health management, which has much reference value for our rural revitalization and the construction of a community of human health with a shared future.