妙在得意可忘言——古代诗文中的数词辞趣研究

Research on the Wit Use of Numerals in Ancient Poems and Proses

古代诗文中曾有大量的数词运用,历史上的研究者未能将这些诗文中的数词放在语言的社会性与历史性的广阔背景之下进行研究,而只拘泥于数词本身提供的表面信息,进行任性武断的附会,对许多古籍文献进行了穿凿附会式的解释,在历史上产生了一些误解,形成了诸多的文墨公案,以至聚讼不已,莫衷一是。前辈学者钱钟书先生别具慧眼,将这种诗文中的数词放在修辞逻辑范畴进行了探索。现拟踵武前贤,征引众多的例证就诗文中同时使用两个或更多的数词的修辞现象进行研究,分析历代文坛雕龙圣手,在诗文中既用数字而又不实用数字,在数字之外新增语义信息,在表达句意的同时,创造性地完成了数词间妙趣的结合,最终诉诸于人以美感的匠心。同时,归纳经过历代文学家长期实践,业已发展完善形成的数词修辞格式。

Numerals are commonly used in ancient poems and proses,but early researchers seldom studied their functions under the social and historical context.Previous research was limited to the simple information provided by the numerals per se and neglected their specific functions.Therefore,some misunderstanding was derived from these simple interpretation and some researchers tended to provide inaccurate explanation and draw farfetched conclusion,on which the consensus interpretation of ancient poems and proses among research community were hardly agree.Several pioneering researchers,such as Qian Zhongshu,preliminarily explored the functions of numeral in rhetoric and logical context.By adopting the same analytic logic,this study investigates the use of numerals and their rhetorical function by analysing their use in numerous poems and proses.The direct and indirect use of numerals adds extra semantic information and provides rhythm and aesthetics in ancient poems and proses.This study also summarizes the numeral rhetoric that was developed and practiced by previous litterateur.