常用建筑保温材料燃烧产烟毒性评价研究

Fire Effluents Hazard Evaluation of Common Building Thermal Insulation Materials

采用动物暴露染毒试验方法,在加热温度为400℃、500℃、600℃时,计算SXPS、SEPS、FRPU、橡塑海绵等4种保温材料的产烟率,获得保温材料达到充分产烟率的加热温度;在充分产烟率条件下,将小鼠置于产烟浓度为100mg/L、50.0mg/L、25.0mg/L、12.4mg/L、6.15mg/L、0mg/L的环境中,观察小鼠染毒试验后的生理症状和特征,根据烟气毒性麻醉性和刺激性是否合格,评定4种保温材料产烟毒性等级。结果表明:以充分产烟并且无火焰条件下,加热温度为500℃时,4种保温材料可以达到充分产烟率;SXPS和SEPS加热后成黑色熔融结晶状,FRPU和橡塑海绵加热后成黑色硬壳固体;SXPS、SEPS、FRPU、橡塑海绵产烟毒性等级分别为ZA级、ZA级、WX级、ZA级。

Using the animal exposure test method, the smoke production rate of four kinds of thermal insulation materials such as SXPS, SEPS, FRPU and rubber plastic sponge was calculated, when the heating temperature was 400 ℃, 500 ℃ and 600 ℃, and the heating temperature at which the thermal insulation materials reach the full smoke production rate was obtained;Under the condition of full smoke production rate, the mice were placed in the environment with smoke production concentrations of 100 mg/L, 50.0 mg/L, 25.0 mg/L, 12.4 mg/L, 6.15 mg/L and 0 mg/L. The physiological symptoms and characteristics of the mice after the toxicity test were observed. According to whether the smoke toxicity, anaesthesia and irritation were qualified, the smoke production toxicity grade of the four temperature keeping materials was evaluated. The results show that under the conditions of full smoke production and no flame, when the heating temperature was 500 ℃, the four kinds of thermal insulation materials can achieve full smoke production rate;SXPS and SEPS were heated to form black molten crystal, and FRPU and rubber and plastic sponge were heated to form black hard shell solid;The smoke toxicity grades of SXPS, SEPS, FRPU and rubber plastic sponge are ZA、ZA、WX、ZA, respectively.