新型除氟型羟基磷灰石复合材料研究进展

Research progress on novel defluoridation HAP composite material

氟是人体重要的微量元素之一,但过量氟摄入会导致骨骼变形,甚至引起机体慢性中毒,氟污染已成为每个国家都面临的一个难题。在众多除氟方法中,羟基磷灰石(HAP)因具有成本低、内含与F~-相近半径和电荷的羟基基团等特点,成为最具潜力的吸氟材料。但纯HAP由于孔隙率低、活性位点少、粒径大使F~-内部扩散交换速率受限等缺点,氟吸附容量非常有限,因此多与其他材料联用,以形成比表面积更大、活性位点更多、粒径更小且稳定性更加优良的除氟复合材料。综述了近年HAP与金属阳离子、天然矿物、有机物、碳纳米粒子等相复合后,新型复合HAP的物理化学结构特征、除氟容量及其应用领域。

Fluoride is one of the important trace elements for human, but excessive fluoride intake will lead to bone deformation, and even cause chronic poisoning of the body.The fluoride pollution has become a problem that every country is facing.Among many methods of fluoride removal, hydroxyapatite(HAP) has become the most potential fluoride adsorbing material because of its low cost and containing hydroxyl groups with similar radius and charge to F.However, the fluoride adsorption capacity of HAP is very limited due to the disadvantages of low porosity, less active site, large particle size and limited internal diffusion exchange rate, so more combination with other material, in order to form larger surface area, more active sites, smaller particle size and better stability of the composite material.The physicochemical structure, fluoride removal capacity and application of HAP composite with metal cations, natural minerals, organic compounds and carbon nanoparticles in recent years were reviewed.