大学新生人际关系感知压力与自杀行为:生命意义感和无法容忍不确定性的调节作用

The perceived stress from interpersonal relations and suicidal behavior in freshmen:moderating roles of meaning in life and intolerance of uncertainty

目的基于自杀行为的动机-意志整合模型考察威胁自我调节因素(无法容忍不确定性)和动机调节因素(生命意义感)在自杀诱导因素(归属受挫与负面评价恐惧)和结局变量(自杀意念与自杀行为)之间的作用。方法采用归属受挫问卷、简明负面评价恐惧量表、无法容忍不确定性量表、生命意义感问卷、积极与消极自杀意念量表和自杀行为问卷对1325名高校大一新生进行调查研究。采用SPSS 24.0对数据进行描述性统计分析、独立样本t检验、Pearson相关分析和调节效应分析;采用AMOS 20.0进行中介效应分析。结果(1)女生比男生有较多的负面评价恐惧体验[(41.89±9.96)分,(40.31±10.68)分,t=2.03,P<0.05];来自农村地区的学生比来自城镇地区的学生体验到较多的归属受挫[(23.83±8.87)分,(22.49±9.17)分,t=2.51,P<0.05]。(2)归属受挫、负面评价恐惧及无法容忍不确定性与自杀意念、自杀行为之间存在显著正相关(r=0.24~0.59,均P<0.001),生命意义感与自杀意念、自杀行为之间存在显著负相关(r=-0.43,r=-0.22,均P<0.001)。(3)自杀意念中介了归属受挫与自杀行为(β=0.34,P<0.001)及负面评价恐惧与自杀行为间的关系(β=0.11,P<0.001)。(4)与无法容忍不确定性较低的学生相比,无法容忍不确定性较高的学生,其归属受挫对自杀意念的预测力更强(β=0.27,P<0.001;β=0.41,P<0.001),其负面评价恐惧对自杀意念的预测力也更强(β=0.08,P<0.001;β=0.14,P<0.001)。与生命意义感较低的学生相比,生命意义感较高学生的负面评价恐惧对自杀意念的影响较小(β=0.20,P<0.001;β=0.12,P<0.001)。结论本研究支持了自杀行为动机-意志整合模型;结果提示人际关系感知压力对自杀意念的影响受到生命意义感和无法容忍不确定性的调节,减少人际关系感知压力、降低个体的无法容忍不确定性、开展生命意义教育是减少大学新生自杀风险的潜在干预途径。

Objective To examine the roles of the threat to self-moderator(intolerance of uncertainty)and the motivational moderator(meaning in life)in the relationship between triggering variables(thwarted belongingness and fear of negative evaluation)and outcome variables(suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior)based on the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior.Methods A total of 1325 university freshmen were investigated with the thwarted belongingness questionnaire,the brief fear of negative evaluation scale,the intolerance of uncertainty scale,the meaning in life questionnaire,the positive and negative suicide ideation inventory and the suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised.SPSS 24.0 software was used for descriptive statistics,independent sample t-test,Pearson correlation analysis,and moderating effect analysis.AMOS 20.0 software was used for mediating effect analysis.Results(1)Female students had more fear of negative evaluation than males((41.89±9.96),(40.31±10.68),t=2.03,P<0.05).Students from rural areas experienced more thwarted belongingness than students from urban areas((23.83±8.87),(22.49±9.17),t=2.51,P<0.05).(2)Thwarted belongingness,fear of negative evaluation,and intolerance of uncertainty were positively related to suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior(r=0.24-0.59,all P<0.001),while meaning in life was negatively related to suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior(r=-0.43,r=-0.22,both P<0.001).(3)Suicidal ideation mediated the relationship between thwarted belongingness and suicidal behavior(β=0.34,P<0.001)and mediated the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and suicidal behavior(β=0.11,P<0.001).(4)Compared to the students with lower levels of intolerance of uncertainty,for those who had higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty,thwarted belongingness had a stronger predictive power on suicidal ideation(β=0.27,P<0.001;β=0.41,P<0.001)and fear of negative evaluation also had a stronger predictive power on suicidal ideation(β=0.08,P<0.001;β=0.14,P<0.001).Compared to the students with lower levels of meaning in life,for those who had higher levels of meaning in life,fear of negative evaluation had a weaker predictive power on suicidal ideation(β=0.20,P<0.001;β=0.12,P<0.001).Conclusion This study provides empirical evidence to the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior.Results indicate that effects of perceived stress from interpersonal relations on suicidal ideation are moderated by meaning in life and intolerance of uncertainty.Reducing the perceived stress from interpersonal relations,lessening the level of intolerable of uncertainty,and carrying out intervention programs aiming at meaning in life are potential intervention ways to reduce the suicide risks of university freshmen.