新时代职业教育高质量发展的政策工具配置偏差及优化——基于“政策工具·要素链”二维框架的文本编码分析

Policy Tool Configuration Deviation and Optimization of High-quality Development of Vocational Education in New Era——Text Coding Analysis Based on Second Dimensional Framework of“Policy Tools-essential Chain”

在推动职业教育高质量发展的新时代背景下,以《关于推动现代职业教育高质量发展的意见》为研究对象,通过文本编码分析国家政策话语中职业教育高质量发展的政策工具配置情况。从政策工具维度看,政策工具配置类型较为齐全,权威型工具占比最高,劝诫型工具频次适切,能力型、激励型、学习型工具使用不足;从要素链维度看,政策文本涵盖育人理念、体制机制、人才培养、产教融合、办学水平、师资建设、质量保证七个向度,但质量保证、师资建设和育人理念仍是政策关注的“短板”。总体而言,职业教育高质量发展政策工具配置存在“角色固着”“结构失稳”和“靶向偏离”等问题。因此,建议政府由职业教育“主导者”向“引导者”“促进者”转变;优化政策工具配置结构,形成强有力的“组合拳”;内外并举,共筑职业教育的“调节器”。

Under the new era of high-quality development of vocational education,taking the“Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Modern Vocational Education”as the research object,the configuration of policy tools of vocational education highquality development in national policies was analyzed through textual code analysis.From the dimension of policy tool,policy tools are rather complete,authoritative tools occupy a high proportion,the frequency of persuasion tools is proper,and the use of ability,inspiration,and learning tools is shortage;from the dimension of elements chain,policy text cover seven aspects of people’s philosophy,institutional mechanism,talent training,education integration,school level,teacher construction and quality assurance,but quality assurance,teacher construction and educational concept are still a“short board”of policies.Overall,the policy tool configuration of vocational education high-quality development face the problems of“role fixation”“structural instability”and“targeted deviation”,it is recommended that the government should change from“leaders”to“promoters”,optimize the configuration structure of policy tools,form a strong“combined punch”,etc.