生态系统服务权衡强度与供需匹配度的关联性分析——以山西省为例

Relationship between trade-off intensity of ecosystem services and matching degree of supply and demand: A case study in Shanxi Province

以山西省各区县为研究单元,将供给服务相对占优定义为1型权衡,将支持服务相对占优定义为2型权衡。通过冗余分析、分段线性回归等方法揭示权衡与供需的影响因素以及两者之间的关联特征。结果表明:(1)1型权衡高值区与供需比低值区主要位于省内盆地,2型权衡与供需比高值区主要位于省内山地。(2)1型权衡主要受耕地、林草地与气温等因素影响;2型权衡主要受耕地、林地、NDVI与土壤有机质等因素影响,但作用方向与1型权衡相反。(3)林草地与坡度对1型供需比呈显著正效应,耕地与建设用地对其呈显著负效应;环境因子对2型供需比的影响较小。(4)各影响因素对1型权衡与供需比的作用方向相反,是二者负向关联的内在原因。供需矛盾较小的情况下,供需比对权衡强度的响应较强烈,随着供需矛盾加深,这种响应反而变弱。该关联特征指示了生态上的困境:人类需求增加-开发强度增加-1型权衡增强-供需矛盾加剧。2型权衡与供需比存在较弱的正向关联,指示了生态盈余的局面。本研究发现生态系统服务权衡与供需存在关联,进而揭示了两者的关联特征及其形成机制,可为国土空间生态修复与管理提供依据。

Revealing the relationship characteristics between the intensity of ecosystem service(ES) tradeoffs and the matching degree of ES supply and demand can provide possible ways to alleviate the ES conflict and supplydemand contradiction simultaneously. The districts and counties of Shanxi Province are selected in this study.Considering the tradeoff between supply and support service, tradeoff type 1 is when the supply service is relatively enhanced but support service is decreased, whereas tradeoff type 2 is the opposite condition. The influencing factors of ES tradeoffs and supply-demand and their related characteristics are revealed by redundancy analysis and piecewise linear regression. The following results are presented.(1) The high-value regions of tradeoff type 1 and the low-value regions of supply-demand ratio are mainly located in the basins, and the highvalue regions of tradeoff type 2 and supply-demand ratio are mainly located in the mountainous area.(2) Tradeoff type 1 is mainly affected by cropland, forestland, grassland, air temperature, and other factors. Meanwhile,tradeoff type 2 is primarily influenced by cropland, forestland, NDVI, and soil organic matter, but the direction of effects is opposite to that of tradeoff type 1.(3) The forestland, grassland, and slope gradient have significant positive effects on the supply-demand ratio of type 1, while the cropland and construction land have significant negative effects. The factors have minimal effects on the supply-demand ratio of type 2.(4) The effects of factor direction on tradeoff type 1 and the supply-demand ratio are opposite, which mainly contributes to the negative correlation between them. The response of the ES supply-demand ratio to tradeoffs is relatively strong when the contradiction between ES supply and demand is small. However, this response weakens with the deepening of the supply-demand contradiction. The relationship characteristics indicate the ecological dilemma: the human demand increases-development intensity increases-tradeoff type 1 enhances-the contradiction between supply and demand intensifies. A weak positive correlation is observed between tradeoff type 2 and supply-demand ratio, indicating the situation of ecological surplus. Overall, a correlation is observed between ES tradeoff and supply-demand.The results generally present the correlation characteristics and its formation mechanism, which can provide a scientific basis for land ecological restoration and management.