微波辅助聚合物循环利用研究进展

Advances in Microwave-Assisted Polymer Recycling

20世纪70年代结束的高分子材料第一次产业革命创造了聚合物世界,正在进行的第二次产业革命或将使高分子材料产业进入“循环经济”模式,这是我国高分子科学和产业实现跨越式发展的难得机遇.本文总结和评述了本研究团队在废弃高分子材料化学回用和物理回用方面的探索性尝试和研究进展,包括废弃高分子材料高温裂解制烯烃、秸秆等废弃生物质高温裂解制富氢合成气、废弃碳纤维增强复合材料升值回收、聚合物高温固相接枝新方法等,展望了优势应用领域和发展前景.提出了一个新的聚合物“循环经济”发展模式,在该模式下,废弃高分子材料和废塑料油将成为乙烯工业的原料,裂解得到的产物可分离得到不同的化工原料,其中乙烯、丙烯等产品可经现有石油化工技术和装置再次聚合得到全新的聚合物,在此循环过程中还可加入植物油和秸秆等生物质原料作为补充,不仅可使高分子材料工业摆脱对化石原料的依赖,也可同时解决塑料的“白色”和“绿色”问题.

The first industrial revolution of polymer materials,which ended in the 1970s,created the polymer world.The ongoing second industrial revolution may bring the polymer material industry into the“circular economy”mode,which is a rare opportunity for China’s polymer science and industry to achieve leap-forward development.This article summarized the research progress of our team in the chemical and physical recycling of waste polymer materials,including high-temperature pyrolysis of waste polymer materials to olefins,straw and other waste biomass pyrolysis to hydrogen-rich synthesis gas,upcycling of carbon fiber reinforced composite,and a new method of high-temperature solid-state polymer grafting.The advantageous application fields and development prospects were also discussed.Finally,a new polymer“circular economy”development model was proposed.In the model,waste polymer materials and waste plastic oil will become feedstock for ethylene industry.The products obtained by cracking the feedstock can be separated into different chemicals,among which,ethylene,propylene etc.can be polymerized into brand-new polymers by existing petrochemical technology and equipment.Meanwhile,biomass materials,such as plant oil and straw,can be supplementary to this circular process as feedstock.This new model can not only help the polymer industry get rid of the reliance on fossil materials,but also solve both the“white”and“green”problems of polymers at the same time.