稳态转换视角下生态系统服务变化过程与作用机制

Change process and interaction mechanism of ecosystem services from the perspective of regime shift

优化生态系统服务供给是实现人类社会与自然生态系统和谐发展的必然途径。生态系统在平衡与非平衡之间复杂的转化模式使生态系统服务研究备受阻力,如何科学地解析生态系统服务内在调控机制是实现从自然资源利用到生态系统功能优化的关键。从论述生态系统稳态转换驱动机制入手,阐明扰动发生后稳态转换的路径、生态系统功能对扰动的响应模式;基于稳态转换视角深入诠释生态系统服务内涵及变化过程,以“结构-过程-功能-服务-人类福祉-可持续性”为核心架构来发展生态系统服务理论框架,并从生态系统敏感性和恢复力等内在属性探讨生态系统服务对结构和功能变化的响应情况;解析当土地利用变化超过生态系统阈值时,各项生态系统服务间的互馈作用。基于稳态转换视角评述生态系统服务变化过程与作用机制,以期为生态系统服务研究及生态系统管理提供新视角。

Optimizing ecosystem service supply is an inevitable way to realize the harmonious development of human society and natural ecosystem.The complex transformation modes between equilibrium and non-equilibrium of ecosystem and interaction mechanism make it difficult to study the formation mechanism of ecosystem services.How to scientifically interpret the internal regulation mechanism of ecosystem services is the key to realize the transformation from natural resource utilization to ecosystem function optimization.In this paper,the driving mechanism of ecosystem regime shift is discussed,as well as the steady-state transformation paths after disturbance and the response mode of ecosystem function to disturbance are clarified.The theory connotation and change process of ecosystem services are deeply interpreted from the perspective of regime shift.The theoretical framework of ecosystem services is developed based on the core chain of structure-process-function-service-human welfare-sustainability,and the responses of ecosystem services to structural and functional changes are discussed from the intrinsic attributes of ecosystem sensitivity and resilience.The feed-back effects among ecosystem services are analyzed when land use change exceeds ecosystem thresholds.The paper reviews the formation process and interaction mechanism of ecosystem service from the perspective of regime shift in order to provide a new viewpoint for ecosystem services research and ecosystem management.