分层施肥对高油酸花生产量、品质及经济效益的影响

Effect of Stratified Fertilization on Yield,Quality and Economic Benefit of High Oleic Acid Peanut

试验于2021年在山东省平度市南村镇进行,以高油酸花生品种宇花61和宇花208为供试材料,以常规全层施肥为对照(CK),设置两层不减肥(T1)、两层减肥10%(T2)和两层减肥20%(T3)共3个处理,研究分层及分层减量施肥对高油酸花生产量、籽仁品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明:相比于CK,T1和T2均可显著提高两品种荚果产量、双仁果率、饱果率、百果质量、百仁质量,其中,宇花61产量可以提升19.86%~20.03%,宇花208产量可以提升19.60%~22.07%;宇花61仅在T1处理下棕榈酸含量显著低于CK,较CK降低1.05个百分点,其他品质指标与CK差异均不显著;宇花208的脂肪含量以T2处理最高,较CK提升0.72个百分点,T3处理最低,较CK降低0.63个百分点,其他品质指标与CK差异均不显著;T1、T2处理下两品种的增产收益均高于T3处理,且以T2处理产投比最高。综上,本研究条件下,各分层施肥处理对花生籽仁品质影响微弱,分层减肥10%最有利于花生产量和经济效益的提升,推荐为最优施肥方式。

The experiment was conducted in Nancun Town,Pingdu,Shandong Province in 2021.With high oleic acid peanut varieties,Yuhua61 and Yuhua208,as test materials and conventional full-layer fertilization as control(CK),three treatments including two-layer with no fertilization reduction(T1),two-layer with 10%of fertilization reduction(T2)and two-layer with 20%fertilization reduction(T3)were set to study the effects of stratified fertilization on the yield,quality and economic benefit of peanut.The results showed that,compared with CK,T1 and T2 significantly increased pod yield,double-kernel pod rate,full-pod rate,100-fruit mass and 100-kernel mass of the two varieties.Among them,the yield of Yuhua61 was increased by 19.86%-20.03%,and the yield of Yuhua208 was increased by 19.60%-22.07%.Only under T1 treatment,the palmitic acid content of Yuhua61 was significantly lower than CK,which was 1.05 percentage points lower than CK,and there was no significant difference between Yuhua61 and CK in other quality indexes.The fat content of Yuhua208 was the highest in T2 treatment,which was 0.72 percentage points higher than CK,and the lowest in T3 treatment,which was 0.63 percentage points lower than CK,but there was no significant difference between Yuhua208 and CK in other quality indexes.The yield-increasing benefits of both varieties under T1 and T2 treatments were higher than those under T3 treatment,and the yield/input ratio was the highest in T2 treatment.To sum up,under the condition of this research,each stratified fertilization treatment has little effect on peanut kernel quality,and two-layer with 10%of fertilization reduction(T2)was the most beneficial to the improvement of peanut yield and economic benefit,which is recommended as the optimal fertilization method.