花生RIL群体芽期耐寒性与农艺性状分析

Analysis of Cold Tolerance and Agronomic Characters of Peanut RIL Population at Germination Stage

为了进一步了解花生耐寒性,寻找新的耐寒高产育种资源,本研究以花育44×DF12杂交构建的含有200个家系的RIL群体为材料,通过分析其低温相对发芽率、主茎高、侧枝长、总分枝数、结果枝数、饱果数、出仁率、百果质量、百仁质量等26个性状的遗传变异,并通过相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析予以考察。结果表明,RIL群体变异丰富,19个性状有明显的超亲分离现象。耐寒及中耐寒材料共检测到8份,芽期耐寒性与植株农艺性状、荚果及籽仁各性状均无显著相关性。饱果数与主茎高、侧枝长、总分枝数、结果枝数、秕果数和荚果长/宽比均值呈极显著正相关,百仁质量与荚果大小呈极显著正相关。26个性状可分为6个主成分,累计贡献率为83.521%。在欧式距离为5处将RIL群体划分三类,第2类群耐寒性及产量居首位。

In order to investigate the cold tolerance of peanut and find new peanut resources with cold tolerance and high yield,Huayu44×DF12 family,which containing 200 RILs,were used as material.Based on this,the genetic variation of 26 traits including relative germination rate at low temperature,main stem height,lateral branch length,total number of branches,number of fruiting branches,number of full-fruit,kernel rate,100-pod mass,100-kernel mass,etc.were analyzed.These data were analyzed by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis.The results showed that the RIL population was rich in variation,and 19 traits showed obvious transgressive segregation phenomenon.A total of 8 cold-tolerant and middle cold-tolerant materials were found,and there was no significant correlation between cold tolerance and agronomic traits of plant,pod and kernel at germination stage.There was significant positive correlation between the number of full-fruit versus the main stem height,the lateral branch length,the total number of branches,the number of fruiting branches,the number of blight-fruit,and the mean ratio of pod length/width.There was an extremely significant positive correlation between 100-kernel mass and pod size.Based on the PCA analysis,the 26 traits could be divided into 6 principal components,with a cumulative contribution rate of 83.5%.The RIL population was divided into three groups at the Euclidean distance of 5,and the cold tolerance and yield of the second group were evaluated as the highest.