中国花生脱红衣技术发展现状与展望

Development of Technology on Peanut Kernel Peeling in China

花生脱红衣是花生深加工的重要环节之一,脱衣工艺与脱衣机械性能决定脱衣效率、籽仁损伤及其损失程度。目前我国花生脱衣效率和品质不高,机械脱衣导致的花生仁损伤、损失较严重。为探明我国花生脱衣技术存在的问题及原因,详细分析了现有脱衣工艺和脱衣机械的技术细节,发现我国花生脱衣技术研究尚存不足,脱衣工艺的科学性与有效性偏低,脱衣机械技术性能参数不高,且脱衣机械与脱衣工艺未有效融合,未能实现在确保脱净率的同时,有效减少籽仁的破碎率。结合我国花生脱衣技术研究现状及花生产业发展情况,指出了花生脱衣技术的研究重点应集中在脱衣影响因素、脱衣原理及脱衣机械的研究方面,进而加强花生脱衣机械与农艺技术的有效融合,并发展花生脱衣规模化生产。

Kernel peeling is one of the important processes in peanut deep processing.The peeling efficiency,seed damage and loss degree are determined by the peeling process and peeling mechanical properties.Currently,the efficiency and quality of peanut peeling in China are not high,and the damage and loss of peanut kernel caused by mechanical peeling are serious.In order to explore the problems and causes of peanut kernel peeling technology in China,the technical details of existing peeling technology and peeling machinery are analyzed in detail.It is found that there are still deficiencies in the research of peanut peeling technology in China,the scientificity and effectiveness of peeling technology are low,the technical performance parameters of peeling machinery are not high,and the peeling machinery and peeling process are not effectively integrated,which can not effectively reduce the crushing rate of peanut kernel while ensuring the removal rate.Combined with the research status of peanut peeling technology and the development of peanut industry in China,it is pointed out that the research focus of peanut kernel peeling technology should focus on the research of stripping influencing factors,peeling principle and peeling machinery,and then the effective integration of peanut kernel peeling machinery and agronomic technology should be jointly strengthened,and the large-scale production of peanut kernel peeling should be developed.