科技治理的伦理之维及其法治化路径

The Ethical Dimension of Science-Technology Governance and Its Legalization

科技治理关注重点经历了从“物理影响”到“价值影响”的转变,引发了科技治理的伦理转向。当下,科技伦理治理架构远未成熟,科技伦理治理的规范基础、科技伦理与法律的关系、法律介入伦理治理的方式等问题需要澄清。科技伦理治理发展的规范基础在于,随着“科学一技术一社会”关系的演变,法律不应简单化地将科技理解为中立性的工具,而需要正视其价值负载属性。新兴科技的发展需要法律适度介入,构建秩序化伦理反思程序,并基于反思形成具备一定约束力的行为指引,最终推动科技系统与社会系统的有序对话与连接。法治化的具体路径包括:形成制度化的伦理商谈体系,完善多层次行为规范体系,构建受国家规制的社会自我规制体制。

The governance system of the science and technology has changed from focusing on “physical impact” to “ value impact”, which has triggered an ethical governance shift. At present, the ethical governance structure of science and technology is far from mature. The normative basis of ethical governance of science and technology, the relationship between ethics of science and technology and law,and the way in which law intervenes in ethical governance need to be clarified. The normative basis for the development of ethical governance is that, with the evolution of the “science-technology-society” relationship,the law should not simply understand science and technology as a neutral tool but need to face up to its value-loaded attributes. The development of new and emerging science and technology requires appropriate legal intervention to establish an orderly reflection process and form behavioral guidelines, which ultimately promotes the orderly dialogue and connection between the science-technology system and the social system.The specific path includes institutionalizing ethical deliberation procedures, improving the multi-level behavior guidance system, and constructing a self-regulatory system which is subjected to the state regulation.