原始“信文化”说与人类学转向

Primitive“Culture of Belief”and Anthropological Turn

当下流行于学界的“原始宗教”这一概念,将原始自然崇拜与祖灵崇拜及其结合等权作其历史与人文内涵,是欠妥的;人类学之父泰勒以万物有灵论作为宗教文化的“第一定义”,值得商榷。实际上,人类最早的文化意识形态,是原始神话、图腾与巫术的三位一体又各其所“性”,可以用新倡的原始“信文化”这一学术概念加以概括。这是可能的一个人类学转向。从狭义神话与广义神话角度进行人类学研究,都可能趋向于学术真理。作为原始信文化说所辖的中国巫性文化研究,是试图达成的中国文化本土的研究,是又一个可能的人类学转向。

The concept of"primitive religion"which is popular in academic world of today is incorrect for it takes the primitive worship of nature and the worship of ancestors,and their combination,as the connotation of history and humanity in primitive religion.It is to be discussed that Taylor,father of anthropology,identified animism as"the first definition"of religious culture.In fact,the earliest cultural ideology of human beings is the trinity of primitive myth,totem and sorcery,while they have their individual"nature",which can be summarized with a newly-proposed academic concept of primitive"culture of belief".This may be a anthropological turn.It is possible to reach academic truth to engage in anthropological studies from the dimensions either in broad sense or in narrow sense.The studies in sorcery culture in China,as it contains the primitive culture of belief,aims to reach a study of the native culture of China,and this may be another possible anthropological turn.