室温电解制备高纯铁工艺研究

Study on Preparation of High Purity Iron by Electrolysis at Atmospheric Temperature

电解法制备高纯铁生产效率高,其生产过程对环境无害,是一种优异的提炼纯铁方法。国内学者对于该方法工艺参数中电解液温度的研究出入较大,温度范围从20℃跃升至100℃。以七水合硫酸亚铁、不锈钢阴极板、工业纯铁阳极板等为原料,采用正交设计试验方法,以起始电流效率、电解铁表面形貌及纯度为指标,探究了在室温条件下电解制备高纯铁的最佳工艺参数,并研究了电流密度、Fe^(2+)质量浓度和电解液初始pH值对纯铁质量的影响。结果表明:在电流密度为100 A/m^(2)、Fe^(2+)质量浓度为50 g/L、电解液初始pH值为2.5的条件下,电解制得的纯铁表面完整、微观组织均匀,且制备效率较高,平均起始电流效率为80%~90%,纯度等级为3N2~3N7。

Electrolysis method for preparing high-purity iron is an excellent method for refining pure iron due to high production efficiency and environmentally-friendly production process. However, domestic scholars have great differences in the research of process parameters of this method, such as electrolyte temperature, the temperature varies widely from 20 to 100 ℃. The method of preparation of high-quality electrolytic iron at atmospheric temperature was investigated. Fe^(2+)rrous sulfate heptahydrate was used as electrolyte, stainless steel was used as the cathode plate and industrial pure iron was used as the anode plate, the initial current efficiency, surface morphology and purity of electrolytic iron were taken as the indexes, the optimal process parameters for electrolytic preparation of high-purity iron at atmospheric temperature were explored by using orthogonal design experiment method, and the effects of current density, mass concentration of Fe^(2+)and initial pH value of electrolyte on the quality of pure iron were considered. The results showed that when the current density was 100 A/m^(2), the mass concentration of Fe^(2+)was 50 g/L and the initial pH value of the electrolyte was 2.5, the pure iron prepared by electrolysis had complete surface, uniform microstructure and high preparation efficiency. The average initial current efficiency ranged from 80% to 90% and the purity grade of pure iron ranged from 3 N2 to 3 N7.