马克思空间生态理论的三重批判向度

The Tree-dimensional Criticism of Marx’s Theory of Spatial Ecology

马克思的空间生态理论展现着私有制批判、社会实践批判和共产主义为导向的批判等三重向度。在私有制批判上,马克思认为私有制是空间生态恶化的根源。资本主义私有制强化了空间生态失衡,让空间生态发生了断裂;在社会实践批判上,马克思认为用实践改造空间生态比用思考解释空间生态更重要,认为思辨哲学忽视了空间生态实践,需要用革命实践创造更美好的空间生态形态;在共产主义为导向的批判上,马克思批判了以往空间生态中的阶级意识和僵化形态,号召打破僵化的空间生态结构,消除各类空间生态危机,实现平等、和谐、多样化的空间生态形态。在共产主义初级阶段,需要实现无产阶级对空间资源的全部掌握,迅速提高空间生产力,最大限度地恢复自然空间的原初状态,实现人民群众的空间利益和美好的空间生态形态。

Marx’s theory of spatial ecology shows the triple dimensions of criticism of private ownership, criticism of social practice, and communism-oriented criticism. In the critique of private ownership, Marx believes that private ownership is the root cause of the deterioration of the spatial ecology. The capitalist private ownership has worsened the imbalance and breakage of spatial ecology. In the criticism of social practice, Marx believes that it is more important to transform spatial ecology in practice than to explain spatial ecology in theory. He believes that speculative philosophy ignores spatial ecology in practice and requires a revolution for a better spatial ecology. In the communist-oriented critique, Marx criticized the class consciousness and rigid form in the previous ideas of spatial ecology, calling for breaking the rigid spatial eco-structure, eliminating various spatial eco-crises, achieving equality and establishing harmonious and diversified forms of spatial ecology. In the initial stage of communism, it is necessary to realize the proletariat’s full control of spatial resources, use the ruling power of the proletariat to rapidly increase productivity, maximize the restoration of the original state of nature, and realize the people’s spatial interests and a beautiful form of spatial ecology.