科技工作者心血管疾病与心理状态现状及相关影响因素

The characteristics and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and psychological status in science and technologyists

目的了解我国科技工作者心血管疾病与心理状态的现状及相关影响因素。方法中国老科协创新发展研究中心联合首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院于2019年7月1日至2021年3月31日, 通过纸质问卷及全国网络调研问卷的形式, 调查我国科研机构、医疗卫生机构等科技工作者。调查内容主要包括年龄、性别等一般资料、心血管疾病史、工作压力状态、睡眠、抑郁焦虑状态等。结果共调研科技工作者14 552人。该人群心血管疾病的患病率为25.5%, 48.6%患有失眠, 抑郁焦虑(包括单纯抑郁、单纯焦虑、混合抑郁焦虑)的患病率为28.8%, 心血管疾病合并抑郁焦虑患病率为15.6%。多元logistic回归分析显示, 以无心血管疾病无抑郁焦虑为参照, 工作压力增加无心血管疾病科技工作者抑郁焦虑的风险(工作压力可承受:OR=2.253, 95%CI 1.583~3.206, 工作压力难以承受:OR=7.899, 95%CI 5.094~12.15);经常饮酒增加心血管疾病的风险(OR=1.978, 95%CI 1.382~2.833);工作压力难以承受(OR=4.072, 95%CI 2.515~6.399)、吸烟(OR=2.342, 95%CI 1.603~3.421)使有心血管疾病的科技工作者抑郁焦虑风险增加, P值均<0.001。结论我国科技工作者抑郁焦虑、心血管疾病、心血管疾病合并抑郁焦虑的问题较为突出, 急需采取措施以保障科技工作者心脏心理健康。

Objectives To investigate the prevalence and related factors of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and psychological problems in Chinese science and technology workers.Methods The investigation was organized and conducted by the Innovative and Development Institute of China Association of Senior Scientists and Technologists and Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital,and included science and technology workers from research institutions and medical institutions in China by random sampling methods through face-to-face and online questionnaire investigation from July 1,2019 to March 31,2021.Information including age,sex,work stress status,CVD history,sleep,depression,and anxiety were included in the questionnaire.Results This survey included 14552 subjects.Among them,25.5%were suffered from CVD,48.6%were with insomnia,28.8%experienced depression/anxiety(including only depression,only anxiety,depression combined with anxiety),and 15.6%had CVD in combined with depression/anxiety.Taking those without CVD and depression/anxiety as reference group,multiple logistic regression analyses showed that work stress increased the risk of depression/anxiety in subjects without CVD(manageable work stress,OR=2.253,95%CI 1.583-3.206,overwhelming work stress OR=7.899,95%CI 5.094-12.250),and drinking increased the risk of CVD(OR=1.978,95%CI 1.382-2.833).Moreover,overwhelming work stress(OR=4.012,95%CI 2.515-6.399)and smoking(OR=2.342,95%CI 1.603-3.421)increased the risk of depression/anxiety in subjects with CVD(all P<0.001).Conclusion The high morbidities of depression/anxiety,CVD,and CVD in combination with depression/anxiety urge us to take actions to protect the heart and mental health of scientific and technological workers.