佛山市云勇森林公园风景林不同年龄乔木层树种生态位特征

Niche Characteristics of Arborous-layer Tree Species at different Ages in Yunyong Forest Park, Foshan City

为探讨佛山市云勇森林公园风景林不同年龄乔木层树种生态位特征,在造林后11 a和16 a,采用样方调查法,调查记录样方内所有胸径≥5 cm的林木组成、胸径、树高等生长指标,运用苗木生长指标和生态位指数等,研究样方内各树种不同年龄生态位特征,结果表明:大叶紫薇Lagetstroemia speciosa、西南荷木Schima wallichii、海南蒲桃Syzygium hainanense的苗木保存率,树高、胸径生长量,重要值和生态位宽度始终处于前列,具有较好的生态适应性和较强的资源利用能力;木荷Schima superba、刺桐Erythrina variegata只在11 a之前具有较好的生态适应性,随后呈急剧下降趋势;而凤凰木Delonix regia、红花羊蹄甲Bauhinia blakeana、假苹婆Sterculia lanceolata生态适应性较差、生态位宽度较小,资源利用能力较弱。11 a与16 a生的风景林,种对间生态位重叠指数的大于0.5占比高,树种竞争剧烈,群落极不稳定。

To explore the niche characteristics of arborous-layer tree species at different ages in the Yunyong Forest Park, Foshan city, a sampling survey was applied to investigate and record the tree composition, DBH and tree height of all the trees with DBH higher than 5 cm in the 11th and 16th year after afforestation. Indexes of growth and niche were used to study the niche characteristics of tree species at different ages. The results showed that: the indexes of preservation rate, tree height, DBH, importance value and niche width of the seedling of the special tree species Lagerstroemia specious, associated tree species Schima wallichii and Syzygium cumini were at the forefront, showing strong adaptability and competitive utilization ability of resources. Schima superba and Erythrina indica had good ecological adaptability only before 11 years and then showed a sharp downward trend.Delonix regia, Bauhinia purpurea, and Sterculia lanceolata exhibited negatively in ecological adaptability, niche width, and resource utilization ability. In the 11-year and 16-year landscape forest, the niche overlapping index over 0.5 between pairs had larger proportions, along with fierce competition for resources and extremely unstable conditions of communities.