2015—2020年南宁市乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Nanning City from 2015-2020

目的分析2015—2020年南宁市乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)流行病学特征,为制定符合南宁市实际的乙肝防控策略提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集南宁市2015—2020年报告乙肝病例,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果2015—2020年南宁市累计报告乙肝病例41441例,年均报告发病率为97.09/10万。2015—2018年乙肝报告发病率呈上升趋势,2018—2020年呈下降趋势(P<0.01)。乙肝发病无明显季节性;男性多于女性(χ^(2)=4329.741,P<0.01),男性发病率是女性的1.97倍。乙肝报告病例主要集中在25~<55岁,占68.85%;以农民为主,占57.33%;同时辖县发病率高于辖区(χ^(2)=989.577,P<0.01)。急性乙肝发病率呈逐年下降趋势,慢性乙肝发病趋势与乙肝整体发病趋势一致,未分类乙肝无明显变化趋势。结论南宁市乙肝发病率仍较高,但防控措施开始取得良好成效,今后应加强儿童常规免疫接种,同时加强重点人群疫苗接种和健康宣教。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Nanning City from 2015-2020,provide evidence for formulating strategies for prevention and control of hepatitis B in Nanning City.Methods The data of hepatitis B cases in Nanning City from 2015-2020 were collected from the China disease prevention and control information system,and were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2015 to 2020,totally 41441 cases of hepatitis B were reported in Nanning City,with an average annual incidence rate of 97.09/100000.The reported incidence of hepatitis B showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2018,and a downward trend from 2018 to 2020(P<0.01).The incidence of hepatitis B had no obvious seasonality.The male cases were more than female cases(χ^(2)=4329.741,P<0.01),and the incidence in males was1.97 times higher than that in females.The hepatitis B cases were mainly concentrated in people aged 25-<55 years old,accounting for 68.85%.Most of cases were farmers,accounting for 57.33%.Meanwhile,the incidence rate of counties was higher than that of the districts(χ^(2)=989.577,P<0.01).The incidence rate of acute hepatitis B was decreasing year by year.The incidence rate of chronic hepatitis B was consistent with the overall trend of hepatitis B,and there was no obvious change in trend of unclassified hepatitis B.Conclusion The incidence rate of hepatitis B in Nanning city is still high,but the prevention and control measures have begun to achieve good results,and it is necessary to strengthen routine immunization of children,and improve vaccination and health education of key groups in the future.