初中生领悟社会支持和心理痛苦在生活事件与抑郁间的作用

Effect of perceived social support and psychological distress on relationship between life events and depression in junior school students

目的 探讨初中生生活事件、领悟社会支持和心理痛苦程度对于抑郁的影响及作用机制。方法 于2020年12月采用青少年生活事件量表(adolescent self-rating life events check list,ASLEC)、领悟社会支持量表(perceive social support scale,PSSS)、心理痛苦温度计(distress thermometer,DT)和9项患者健康问卷(patient health questionnaire items,PHQ-9)对山西省某中学983名初中生进行调查。结果 山西省某中学983名初中生的抑郁平均分为(7.46±5.02)分,其中654人报告有抑郁症状,占66.53%;心理痛苦得分为(4.12±2.33)分,其中928人报告有心理痛苦,占94.40%,领悟社会支持总分为(60.11±15.33)分,领悟社会支持高水平者占54.53%(536人),中等水平者占36.62%(360人),低水平者占8.85%(87人)。初中生生活事件与领悟社会支持、心理痛苦呈负相关(r=-0.335、-0.324,均P<0.01),与抑郁呈正相关(r=0.62,P<0.01)。Bootstrap中介效应检验显示,PSSS在ASLEC和抑郁中的中介效应值为0.036,占总效应的5.40%;DT在ASLEC与抑郁中的中介效应值为0.164,占总效应的24.59%;PSSS、DT在ASLEC与抑郁中的链式中介效应值为0.019,占总效应的2.85%。结论初中生生活事件与抑郁的关系受到领悟社会支持和心理痛苦的单独中介作用,以及领悟社会支持和心理痛苦的链式中介作用的影响。

Objective To investigate the influence and mechanism of life events,perceived social support and psychological distress on depression in junior school students. Methods 983 junior school students in a middle school in Shanxi Province were investigated by the adolescent self-rating life events check list(ASLEC),perceive social support scale(PSSS),distress thermometer(DT) and patient health questionnaire items(PHQ-9) in December 2020. Results The average score of depression among 983 junior school students in a middle school in Shanxi Province was(7.46±5.02) points,and 654 students reported depressive symptoms,accounting for 66.53%. The score of psychological distress was(4.12±2.33) points,and 928 students reported psychological distress,accounting for 94.40%. The total score of social support was(60.11±15.33) points,the students with high perceive social support accounted for54.53%(536 students),the students with medium level accounted for 36.62% (360 students),and the students with low level accounted for 8.85%(87 students). The life events of junior school students was negatively correlated with perceive social support and psychological distress(r=-0.335,-0.324,both P<0.01),and positively correlated with depression(r=0.62,P<0.01). Bootstrap mediating effect test showed that the mediating effect value of PSSS score between ASLEC score and PHQ-9 score was 0.036,accounting for 5.40% of the total effect,the mediating effect value of DT score between ASLEC score and PHQ-9 score was0.164,accounting for 24.59% of the total effect,and the value of chain mediated effect of PSSS and DT score between ASLEC score and PHQ-9 score was 0.019,accounting for 2.85% of the total effect. Conclusion The relationship between life events and depression of junior middle school students is mediated by perceive social support and psychological distress,and affected by the chain mediation of perceive social support and psychological distress.