成就动机在医学生职业使命感与就业焦虑间的中介作用

Mediating effect of achievement motivation on career calling and employment anxiety in medical students

目的 探索医学生职业使命感对其就业焦虑的影响以及成就动机的中介效应和家庭是否支持医务工作的调节作用。方法 2021年3—6月,使用自编一般人口学情况调查表、就业焦虑量表、职业使命感量表和成就动机量表对431名哈尔滨医科大学在校本科生进行问卷调查。结果 医学生的就业焦虑平均得分为(27.59±13.75)分。医学生的职业使命感与就业焦虑呈负相关(r=-0.35,P<0.01),成就动机与就业焦虑呈负相关(r=-0.53,P<0.01),职业使命感与成就动机呈正相关(r=0.27,P<0.01);中介效应检验显示,医学生成就动机在职业使命感与就业焦虑之间发挥部分中介作用,中介效应值为-0.24,占总效应之比为35.82%,95%CI为-0.33~-0.15。调节效应检验显示,成就动机与家庭是否支持医务工作的乘积项对就业焦虑的预测作用达到了显著水平(β=-0.39,P<0.01),有调节的中介模型成立。结论 医学生就业焦虑水平较高,医学生要夯实自身素质,医学类高校应当完善普及专业知识课程及生涯规划相关课程,以激发医学生的职业使命感,政府应当促进就业公平环境的实现,规范招聘行为,实现医学生高质量、充分就业,为我国医疗卫生事业建设做贡献。

Objective To explore the influence of medical students’ career calling on employment anxiety,and explore the mediating effect of achievement motivation and the moderating effect of social support. Methods From March to June 2021,a questionnaire survey was performed on 431 medical students in the Harbin Medical University were investigated by the self-compiled general demographic survey,employment anxiety scale,career calling scale and achievement motivation scale.Results The average score of employment anxiety of medical students was(27.59±13.75) points. Medical students’ career calling was negatively correlated with their employment anxiety(r=-0.35,P<0.01),achievement motivation was negatively correlated with employment anxiety(r=-0.53,P<0.01),and career calling was positively correlated with their achievement motivation(r=0.27,P<0.01). The mediating effect test showed medical students’ achievement motivation played a partial mediating role in career calling and employment anxiety,the mediation effect value was-0.24 accounting for 35.82% of total effect,and 95%CI was-0.33--0.15.The regulation effect test showed the product of achievement motivation and family support for medical work had a significant predictive effect on employment anxiety(β=-0.39,P<0.01),and the moderated mediation model was established. Conclusion Medical students have a high level of employment anxiety,so the medical students should improve their own quality,medical universities should improve the popularization of professional knowledge and career planning related courses to stimulate medical students’ sense of career mission,the government should promote the realization of a fair employment environment,standardize recruitment behavior,realize high-quality and full employment of medical students,and contribute to the construction of medical and health undertakings in China.