尿汞测定方法的研究进展

Research progress in determination of mercury in urine

汞作为唯一的液态金属,由于其特殊的理化性质在工业生产中使用广泛,接触机会较多,可经呼吸道、皮肤和食道进入体内,引起急慢性中毒及其他不良反应。汞主要经肾脏排出,其排出量占总排出量的70%。尿汞是反映近期汞接触水平的重要指标,是职业性汞中毒诊断的重要组成部分,其测定方法有多种。目前,我国尿汞测定多推荐冷原子吸收光谱法。近年来,分析人员为准确测定尿汞进行了新的探索,取得了一定的进展。我们综述了近年来国内外尿中汞测定方法的研究进展,包括冷原子光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、原子吸收光谱法、直接测汞仪法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法等,比较不同方法的优缺点,对尿汞测定方法的发展前景进行展望。

Mercury,as the only liquid metal,is widely used in industrial production because of its special physical and chemical properties. Due to more contact opportunities,it can enter the body through the respiratory tract,skin and esophagus,causing acute and chronic poisoning and other adverse reactions. Mercury is mainly excreted through the kidneys,accounting for 70% of the total excreted.Urinary mercury is an important indicator of recent mercury exposure and an important part of the diagnosis of occupational mercury poisoning,which can be measured by various methods. At present,cold atomic absorption spectrometry is recommended for determination of mercury in urine in China. In recent years,a new exploration has been made for the accurate determination of mercury in urine,and some progress has been made. We review the research progress in the determination of mercury in urine,including cold atomic spectrometry,atomic fluorescence spectrometry,atomic absorption spectrometry,direct mercury measurement and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different methods,and prospect the development prospect of urine mercury determination method.