钢中界面科学研究进展(Ⅰ)

Progress in scientific research of interfaces in steel(Ⅰ)

钢中界面包括晶界、相界等,在结构和化学组成上与体相均有明显的差异,在能量上也具有特殊性,对钢的相变机理、服役性能等具有十分重要的影响。近年来,有关材料分析和测试手段得到快速发展,结合第一性原理和有限元模拟等技术和方法,人们对钢中界面科学问题有了进一步深入的认识,也使得这方面的研究内容更加丰富多彩,取得了众多成果。综述了钢中的微观固-固界面调控的国内外研究动态,界面类型涵盖单相钢中的晶界和多相钢中的相界。简要概述了钢中各种界面的形成机理,探讨了不同界面类型的能量差异、取向差异以及应力分布等;重点关注了界面数量调控、界面结构调控和界面偏聚调控,探讨了热处理工艺、变形方式和成型方式等界面调控手段对最终界面结构形成和化学成分偏聚的影响,介绍了先进技术手段在表征界面结构和界面成分偏聚上的应用;同时对界面与位错之间的相互作用模型及其对不连续屈服和加工硬化的影响也进行了简述。最后从界面调控方式、计算机模拟、技术表征手段等方面对界面的未来发展趋势进行了预测。

Interfaces in steel,including grain boundaries and phase boundaries,differ significantly in structure and chemical composition from the bulk phase.They are also energetically specific and have a very important influence on the phase transformation mechanism and service performance of steel.In recent years,the rapid development of materials analysis and testing methods,combined with techniques and methods such as first principles and finite element simulations,have led to further insights into the science of interfaces in steel and a richer and more varied body of research in this area,with numerous results.An overview of domestic and international research developments in the regulation of microscopic solid-solid interfaces in steel was provided,covering both grain boundaries in single-phase steels and phase boundaries in multi-phase steels.A brief overview of the formation mechanisms of various interfaces in steel is given,and the energy differences,orientation differences and stress distribution of different interface types are discussed.Focusing on the control of interfacial quantity,interfacial structure and interfacial segregation,the influence of interface control methods,such as heat treatment,deformation and forming methods,on the formation of the final interface structure and chemical composition segregation is discussed.The application of advanced technical methods to characterize the interface structure and interfacial composition segregation is introduced.Finally,the future development trends of interfaces are predicted in terms of interfacial controlling methods,computer simulations and technical characterization methods.