重整计划中的债权分组规制研究

Research on the Classification of Claims in the Reorganization Plan

重整程序是对危困企业进行破产拯救的有效法律手段,债权分组对重整计划的表决起着至关重要的作用。当前我国司法实践中对债权分组的要求存在不同理解,导致债权分组组别多样,甚至有些案件为了使得重整计划能够通过,违反债权分组基本原则和要求,使得债权人利益受到极大损失。因此,有必要对我国《企业破产法》第82条的性质进行认定,明确债权分组应当遵循法定分组和意定分组相结合的折中分组模式。债权分组应当坚持意思自治、公平清偿以及利益衡平原则。在对债权进行组别划分时,坚持“实质相似”的分组标准,严格将债权性质相似、利益诉求一致的债权划分进同一组别。不同组别中提供的清偿方案不能突破债权清偿的顺位要求,必须严格遵守绝对优先原则。在债权人意思自治之下,选择不同的清偿方式,最终实现债权利益最大化。

The reorganization procedure is an effective legal means to save a troubled enterprise from bankruptcy,and the classification of claims plays a crucial role in the voting of the reorganization plan. In the current judicial practice in China, there are different understandings of the the classification of claims, resulting in various classes,and even some cases violate the basic principles and requirements of the classification in order to make the reorganization plan pass, which makes the interests of creditors suffer great losses. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the nature of Article 82 of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of China and clarify that the classification of claims should follow the compromise grouping model combining statutory classification and intentional classification.The classification of claims should adhere to the principles of meaningful autonomy, fair settlement and balance of interests. When dividing the claims into classes, the classification standard of "Substantially similar" shall be adhered to, and the claims with similar nature and the same interest demands shall be strictly divided into the same class. The settlement solutions provided by different classes cannot break the requirement of the subordination of claims, and must strictly comply with the principle of absolute priority. Under the creditor’s autonomy, different settlement methods are chosen to maximize the interests of claims.