论个人破产“看门人”制度的构建

Construction of the"Gatekeeper"System of Individual Bankruptcy

由于个人破产和企业破产的不同特点,在个人债务清理中行政管理机构能够起到“看门人”的作用,既防止破产的欺诈和滥用,也防止破产案件对于司法资源的挤占。本文认为个人破产“看门人”制度具有必要性,通过比较研究探讨了以美国为代表的个人破产“间接型看门人”模式以及以英国、法国、瑞典为代表的“直接型看门人”模式。我国《深圳经济特区个人破产条例》第十一章规定的破产事务管理机构的模式更加接近于“间接型看门人”模式。本文在比较的基础上提出对于我国个人破产的“看门人”制度的设计可以采取两步走的模式,在《个人破产法》立法时可以有限地吸收“间接型看门人”模式;随着《个人破产法》实践的深入,可以逐步向“直接型看门人”模式过渡。

Due to the different characteristics between individual bankruptcy and enterprise bankruptcy,the administrative management agency can play the role of"gatekeeper"in individual bankruptcy,not only to prevent fraud and abuse of bankruptcy,but also to prevent the ran-out of judicial resources by individual bankruptcy applications.This paper concludes that the"gatekeeper"system of individual bankruptcy is necessary through comparative research of the"indirect gatekeeper"model of individual bankruptcy represented by the United States and the"direct gatekeeper"models represented by the United Kingdom,France and Sweden.The model of the bankruptcy administration agency stipulated in Chapter 11 of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone’s Individual Bankruptcy Regulations is closer to the"indirect gatekeeper"model.On the basis of comparison,this paper proposes that the design of the gatekeeper system of individual bankruptcy in China can adopt a two-step model,and the"indirect gatekeeper"model can be limited when the Individual Bankruptcy Law is legislated;with the deepening of the practice of the Individual Bankruptcy Law,it can gradually transfer to the"direct gatekeeper"model.