屠宰体重对确山黑猪体尺性状、胴体性状和肌肉品质的影响

Effects of Slaughter Weight on Body Size Traits,Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Queshan Black Pigs

本研究选择9头体重在95~155 kg之间的确山黑猪,依据体重大小分为95~115 kg、115~135 kg、135~155 kg三组,每组各3头进行屠宰测定和分析,旨在揭示不同屠宰体重对体尺性状、胴体性状和肌肉品质的影响。结果显示:当屠宰体重为115~135 kg时,对于体尺性状,体长和管围等显著高于95~115 kg组(P<0.05),与135~155 kg组之间差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05);对于胴体性状,瘦肉率和后躯重与135~155 kg组间差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05),且其屠宰率最高,为75.83%;对于肌肉品质,肌肉中饱和脂肪酸、脂肪酸总量显著高于135~155 kg组(P<0.05),且必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量丰富,其中丝氨酸含量显著高于95~115 kg组(P<0.05),因此肉品质最佳。相关性分析表明,屠宰体重和腿臀围、肌肉重、胴体重、眼肌面积等性状之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。结果表明,当确山黑猪体重低于135 kg时,其体长、体高、眼肌面积和瘦肉率等指标增加速度较为明显,当体重大于135 kg之后趋于稳定,因此当确山黑猪体重为115~135 kg时,综合各项指标最优,为最佳屠宰体重。

In this study,9 Queshan black pigs weighing 95~155 kg were divided into three groups:95~115 kg,115~135 kg and 135~155 kg according to their body weight.3 pigs in each group were slaughtered and analyzed in order to reveal the effects of different slaughter weight on body size traits,carcass traits and Meat quality.The results showed that when the slaughter weight was 115~135 kg,the body length and cannon bone circumference were significantly higher than those in the 95~115 kg group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the 155~155 kg group and the 135~155 kg group(P>0.05).For carcass traits,there was no significant difference in lean percentage and hindquarters weight between the two groups(P>0.05),and the slaughter percentage was the highest(75.83%).For muscle quality,the content of saturated fatty acids and total fatty acids in muscle was significantly higher than that in 135~155 kg group(P<0.05),and the contents of essential amino acids and delicious amino acids were abundant,in which the content of serine was significantly higher than that in 95~115 kg group(P<0.05),so the meat quality was the best.The correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between slaughter weight and thigh buttock girth,muscle weight,carcass weight,eye muscle area and other traits reached a highly significant level(P<0.01).The results showed that the growth rate of body length,body height,eye muscle area and lean meat percentage were obvious when the body weight of Queshan black pig was less than 135 kg,and tended to be stable when the body weight was more than 135 kg.Hence,when the body weight of Queshan black pig is 115~135 kg,the comprehensive index is the best,which is the best slaughter weight.