城市大气颗粒物中重金属污染研究进展

Research Progress of Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Atmospheric Particulate Matter

近年来在城市大气颗粒物污染严重的同时,其含有重金属还带来空气质量问题,大气中重金属通过大气传输、干湿沉降的方式给农田,河流生态系统带来风险,进而影响人类生产生活。因此重金属污染研究已然变成环境、环保工作的研究重点。对国内外大气颗粒物重金属污染研究进行了梳理,围绕着大气颗粒物重金属污染特征研究、污染现状影响、监测方法及源解析3个方面展开,在现主要的高精确度ICP-MS等颗粒物重金属监测方法下,发现重金属分布差异视季节性主导风向及局部污染物扩散而定,整体重金属Mn、Pb、Cd、As含量南方高于北方;Cr、Ni在北方污染较重。CMB、PMF作为大气污染源常用模型评估源贡献率,进而对未来重金属颗粒物污染类型和影响因子进行了展望。

In recent years,with the serious pollution of urban atmospheric particulate matter,heavy metals in the atmosphere bring about air quality problems.Heavy metals in the atmosphere bring risks to farmland and river ecosystems through atmospheric transport and dry and wet deposition,and then affect human production and life.So,the study of heavy metal pollution has become the focus of environmental protection work.This paper sorts out the research on heavy metal pollution of atmospheric particulate matter at home and abroad,focusing on the characteristics of heavy metal pollution of atmospheric particulate matter,the impact of pollution status,monitoring methods and source analysis.It was found that the distribution differences of heavy metals depended on the seasonal dominant wind direction and local pollutant diffusion.The overall heavy metals Mn,Pb,Cd,and As contents were higher in the south than in the north;Cr and Ni were more polluted in the north.CMB and PMF are commonly used models of air pollution sources to evaluate the source contribution rate.Prospects for the types and impact factors of heavy metal particulate matter pollution in the future are put forward.