干涉光谱成像技术发展的回顾(特邀)

Review of the Development of Interferometric Spectral Imaging Technology(Invited)

干涉光谱成像仪是基于现代光学技术、光谱技术、电子技术及计算机技术发展起来的一种用于精密光学测量的强有力工具。与色散型、滤光片型光谱成像技术相比较,干涉光谱成像技术因其具有高分辨本领、高灵敏度以及高波数准确度等优势,被广泛应用于农林水体监测、大气污染监控、国土矿产勘查以及天文目标观测等领域。本文按照光程获取方式的类型,从时间调制、空间调制以及时空联合调制三个方面综述了国内外干涉光谱成像技术的研究现状,并对每种类型的代表性研究成果进行了介绍和回顾。最后,对干涉光谱成像技术的未来研究趋势进行了展望。

Interferometric spectroscopic imaging technology has undergone decades of experience accumulation and technological development. At present,it has extensive and mature applications in the fields of astronomical exploration, atmospheric pollution, water environment monitoring, surface geological mineral exploration,vegetation survey and other fields. Compared with dispersive and filtertype spectral imaging techniques,interferometric spectroscopic imaging technology has the advantages of high resolution,high sensitivity,and high wave number accuracy. According to the type of optical path acquisition method,this paper summarizes the research status of interferometric spectroscopic imaging technology at domestic and abroad from three aspects:time modulation,spatial modulation,and spatiotemporal joint modulation. Then introduces and reviews their representative research results. For timemodulated interferometric spectroscopy imaging,the interferogram acquired by the detector can be seen as a collection of time series. Interference maps are acquired one by one over time. The main advantages of this technique are the high spectral resolution and detection sensitivity. However,this type of optical system requires a continuously moving precision part to produce an optical path difference that changes over time. The main technical difficulty of time-modulated interferometer spectroscopy is how to develop a set of stable,reliable and long-working high-precision moving mirror scanning system. Spatial modulation interferometric spectroscopy records interference information at different cell positions of the detector for different optical path differences of the measured target. A complete interference map of the target can be obtained with a single exposure. This technology fundamentally overcomes the problem of precision moving mirror scanning system in time-modulated spectrometers, and also improves the real-time performance of obtaining spectral information. The essence of spatiotemporal combined modulation interferometer spectroscopy is to insert a transverse shear interferometer into the camera system. Since there is no slit in the front optical system,this type of instrument not only has the characteristics of high detection sensitivity,high stability and high signal-to-noise ratio,but also has the advantages of high throughput. It can be seen that different modulation methods use different optical path structures. Of course,each spectroscopic principle also has its advantages and disadvantages,which can be applied to different application areas. The research of interferometric spectroscopy imaging technology has always attracted much attention. There is no doubt that the emergence of relevant new technologies is often very eye-catching. Over the past three decades,interferometric imaging spectroscopy technology has been rapidly developed in the field of remote sensing,and has gradually become an effective tool for highresolution remote sensing detection.With the rapid development of detector focal plane array,precision machinery,high-speed data transmission and storage compression,data quantification and computer image processing,the future of spectral imagers will have a large field of view,wide spectral range,high sensitivity,high spectral resolution,high spatial resolution and other performance. Moreover,the technology gradually tends to develop in the direction of new principles,integration,automation,wireless,intelligence,single cylinder and miniaturization.