黄连(Coptis chinensis)花形态特征与传粉昆虫的适应性

The adaptation between floral morphology traits and pollination insects of Coptis chinensis

以黄连(Coptis chinensis)为研究对象,通过对其花部形态结构及主要传粉昆虫访花频率、访花行为、传粉效率、结籽贡献率等的观察分析,探究黄连花形态特征与传粉昆虫的适应性关系。结果显示:黄连花具有简单的浅槽状蜜腺结构,花蜜分泌量少;观察到的2种黄连主要传粉昆虫麻蝇和黑带食蚜蝇都是具有舐吸式口器的双翅目昆虫,它们在访花过程中都表现出舔食花蜜的行为,且身体都能够接触到雌蕊和雄蕊,从而导致胚珠成功发育;受黄连早春开花时间差异及气候不稳定等因素的影响,黄连传粉昆虫的访花频率有所波动,但传粉昆虫种类没有变化。上述结果表明黄连的浅槽状蜜腺结构适合具有舐吸式口器的麻蝇和黑带食蚜蝇作为传粉媒介,且形成较为稳定的传粉系统。

To investigate the adaptation between the floral morphology traits and the pollinators of Coptis chinensis,the floral morphology characteristics of Coptis chinensis were observed and its pollination insect profiles were analyzed,including visitation rate,visitation behavior,pollination efficiency and the contribution rate of seed setting.Results showed that the flower of Coptis chinensis had special nectariferous petals with nectar-secreting tissues in the middle,which can produce a small amount of nectar.Sarcophagidae sp.and Episyrphus balteatus(Diptera)were the main pollination insects for Coptis chinensis,and lapping mouthparts and licking nectar behavior were observed in the two kinds of insects.During visitation to flowers,the leg,thorax and abdomen of insects can touch pistil and stamen,promoting the development of ovule.In addition,the visitation rates of pollinators fluctuated in different years due to the unstable climate of early spring,but the pollinator species did not change.These results indicate that the shallow truncated nectary structure of Coptis chinensis is suitable for Sarcophagidae sp.and Episyrphus balteatus with lapping mouthparts as pollinators,thus forming a relatively stable pollination system.