卵泡液细胞外囊泡携带的microRNA对卵泡闭锁影响的研究进展

Progress in the effect of microRNA carried by extracellular vesicles in follicular fluid on follicular atresia

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是细胞主动释放的膜结合颗粒。在原核生物和真核生物中,EVs被认为是细胞间进行信息交流的一种方式。EVs具有携带蛋白质、脂质和核酸等生物大分子的能力,可以影响亲本细胞和受体细胞的不同生理功能。其中,EVs携带的microRNA研究报道最多,在生物体生理功能方面发挥着重要作用。卵泡在发育过程中,只有少数卵泡可以充分发育、成熟、排卵,大多数卵泡在发育的不同阶段发生闭锁。在卵泡发育的整个过程中,每一阶段的变化以及卵泡闭锁调控机制还不完全清楚。本文在总结EVs类型、特性、分离方法及用途的基础上,从不同细胞因子、激素方面重点论述了卵泡液中EVs携带的microRNA是如何调控卵泡闭锁,同时对卵泡液EVs携带的microRNA在生殖调控和生殖疾病诊断方面的研究前景进行了展望,对于卵泡发育调控研究以及有效利用研究具有一定参考意义。

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membrane-bound particles actively released by cells.In prokaryotes and eukaryotes,EVs are effective bridges for communication between cells.EVs carry biological macromolecules,including proteins,lipids and nucleic acid,which affects different physiological functions of parent cells and recipient cells.Among them,the microRNA carried by EVs is the most reported and plays an important role in physiological function of organisms.During the development of follicles,only a few follicles can fully develop and ovulate,whereas most of them undergo atresia at different stages of development.In the whole process of follicular development,the changes at each stage and the regulation mechanism of follicular atresia are not completely understood.In this paper,we introduced the types,characteristics,isolation methods and uses of EVs,and emphasized how microRNA carried by EVs in follicular fluid regulated follicular atresia from the aspects of different cytokines and hormones.Additionally,the application prospect of microRNA carried by EVs in follicular fluid in reproductive regulation and reproductive disease diagnosis was discussed.This paper is significant for studying the regulation of follicular development and the effective utilization of oocytes.