宋代南海地区的海上贸易模式探究

The Maritime Trade Patterns in the South China Sea during the Song Dynasty

通过对印坦、井里汶、“南海I号”以及泉州湾沉船货物装载方式的分析,提出在宋代南海地区存在两种不同的海上贸易模式。其一以印坦和井里汶沉船为代表,占据了商船上大部分空间的主要货物归拥有大量资产的单个或少数几个大商人或组织,这些大宗货物将在同一个终点卸载,剩下的空间则租借给不同的几个私商进行零售业务;其二以“南海I号”和泉州湾沉船为代表,船上的大宗货物由多个商人经营,它们可能并不在同一个港口卸载,而是在多个停靠港进行买卖。

This article outlines two different trade patterns in the South China Sea during the Song dynasty by studying the loading of cargoes on sunken boats such as those in Intan and Cirebon,as well as Nanhai No.1 and Quanzhou Bay Shipwreck.Firstly,bulk cargoes on Intan and Cirebon boats,which took up most of the spaces on the vessels,were owned by one or several merchants or large corporations and they were unloaded at the same port.Only limited spaces on the vessels could be leased to some retailers.Secondly,bulk cargoes on Nanhai No.1 and Quanzhou Bay Shipwreck,which were managed by several merchants,could be sold at different ports of call instead of at the same port.