数据隐私保护的反垄断法路径

An Anti-monopoly Law Path for Data Privacy Protection

消费者利益内涵的扩展为反垄断法适用于数据隐私保护提供了可能。从功能上看,反垄断法从规范企业竞争的维度出发实现数据隐私保护的目的,可以弥补个人信息保护立法通过个人数据控制实现数据隐私保护的局限。但我国《反垄断法》在解决数据隐私问题上仍面临着独立性、隐私量化和多因素平衡等三重挑战,为此亟须从制度层面进行完善。借鉴欧盟和美国等域外反垄断立法经验并结合中国竞争法实践,我国《反垄断法》应在坚持保护竞争,附带实现多元利益目标的制度定位基础上,从拓展反垄断分析工具,包括界定相关市场、量化数据隐私、平衡多元因素等,合比例地重点规制超大型数字平台的数据竞争行为,推动智慧监管和多部门协作等方面入手进行适应性的制度革新,以在《反垄断法》维度上补足数据隐私规制的短板,实现数据隐私的立体保护。

The expansion of the connotation of consumer interests provides the possiblity for applying Antitrust Law to data privacy protection.From the perspective of function,the Anti-monopoly Law realizes the purpose of data privacy protection from the dimension of regulating enterprise competition,which can make up for the limitations of the Personal Information Protection Law in realizing data privacy protection through personal data control.However,China’s Anti-monopoly Law still faces three challenges,such as independence,privacy quantification and multi-factor balance,in solving the problem of data privacy,so it urgently needs to be improved from the institutional level.Drawing on the experience of anti-monopoly legislation in the European Union and USA as well as considering Chinese competition law enforcement,China’s Anti-monopoly Law should,on the basis of the system positioning of protecting competition primarily and realizing multiple interests incidentally,expand the anti-monopoly analysis tools,including defining relevant markets,quantifying data privacy,and balancing multiple factors;proportionally focus on regulating the data competition behavior of super-large digital platforms;promote the adaptive institutional innovation from the intelligent supervision and multi-department cooperation,so as to make up for the shortcomings of data privacy regulation through the Anti-monopoly Law,and realize the three-dimensional protection of data privacy.