融资关系中担保物质量保险的法律解释及适用分析

Legal Interpretation and Application Analysis of the Collateral Quality Insurance in Financing Relationship

武汉金凰公司“假黄金案”的争议体现出融资关系中担保物质量保险相关规则的不甚明晰。担保物的质量问题对于融资关系中的债权人而言属于影响其债权能否完整实现的特定风险,担保物质量保险具有第三方保证的性质,但仍可认定为一种独立的保险类型。具体而言,该种保险所承保的保险标的实质上是融资关系中债务人的信用风险,性质上属于债务人投保的一类特殊的保证保险,债权人作为该保险中的被保险人享有直接的保险金请求权。在法律适用层面,保险公司应负担对担保物质量的审查义务,若保险公司未尽审查义务,保险事故发生后其不得以投保人未尽如实告知义务为由拒绝赔付保险金,此种特点可称为如实告知义务对审查义务的让位。

The dispute over Wuhan JINHUANG Company’s“Fake Gold Case”reflects the lack of clarity in the relevant rules of collateral quality insurance in the financing relationship.The quality of the collateral is a specific risk for the creditor in the financing relationship which affects the complete realization of his creditor’s rights.Although,the collateral quality insurance has the nature of third-party guarantee,it can still be regarded as an independent type of insurance.Specifically,the subject matter of insurance underwritten by this type of insurance is essentially the credit risk of the debtor in the financing relationship,which is a special type of guarantee insurance insured by the debtor in nature.And the creditor as the insured enjoys direct right to to claim for insurance money.At the level of legal application,the insurance company should bear the obligation to review the quality of the collateral,if it fails to perform the review obligations,it shall not refuse to pay the insurance money on the grounds that the insured has not fulfilled the obligation of truthful notification after the insured incident,which is called the concession of the obligation of truthful notification to the obligation of review.