基于“三生空间”的川西北高原土地利用格局与多功能时空演变

Land Use Pattern and Multifunctional Spatiotemporal Evolution in the Northwest Plateau of Sichuan Based on“production-living-ecosystem”Space

研究川西北高原土地利用变化与多功能演变对优化国土空间格局,对社会经济生态协调发展具有重要意义。本研究基于“三生空间”的理论,构建了土地利用多功能评价指标体系,采用转移矩阵模型分析了2010—2020年“三生空间”格局演变特征,运用综合指数法和障碍度模型测度多功能水平,并诊断主要的障碍因素。结果表明:(1)川西北高原以生态空间为主导,2010—2020年“三生空间”格局演变速度由慢到快,生态空间收缩加快,生产空间缓慢向生态空间渗透,生活空间快速向生态空间扩张;(2)川西北高原土地利用多功能表现为生态功能>生活功能>生产功能,土地利用多功能呈现前慢后快的增长模式,空间格局由东高西低格局向相对均衡状态演变,“三生空间”格局演变与土地多功能水平变化特征一致;(3)生态环境是制约土地多功能发挥的主要因素,农药施用量、化肥施用量、农村人均用电量、城镇用地、地均旅游人次、人均社会消费等均影响土地利用多功能水平。

It is important to study the land use change and multifunctional evolution of the northwest plateau of Sichuan to optimize the spatial pattern of the country and achieve coordinated social,economic,and ecological development.This study constructs an index system for multifunctional evaluation of land use,and analyzes the evolution characteristics of the pattern of“production space,living space andecological space”from 2010 to 2020 by adopting transfer matrix model.In this study,the entropy weighting method was used to obtain the weights of the index factors,and then the composite index method and the barrier degree model were used to measure the multifunctional level and diagnose the main barrier factors.The results show that:(1)The northwest plateau of Sichuan is dominated by ecological space.From 2010 to 2020,the speed pf the pattern of“production-living-ecosystem”space evolves from slow to fast,the ecological space shrinks faster,the production space slowly infiltrates into the ecological space,and the living space rapidly expands into the ecological space.(2)Land use multifunction in the study area is shown as the ecological function,living function and the living function from high to low respectively.Land use multifunction shows a slow growth pattern in the front and then a fast growth pattern in the west.The spatial pattern evolves from high in the east to low in the west to a relatively balanced state.The evolution of the spatial pattern of“production-living-ecosystem”space is consistent with the change in the level of multi-functional land.(3)The ecological environment is the main factor restricting the multi-function of land.Factors such as the amount of pesticide application,the amount of chemical fertilizer application,the amount of electricity per capital in rural areas,the area of urban land,the per capital number of tourism per land,and the per capital social consumption all affect the multifunctional level of land use.