中德中本贯通职业教育模式的比较与启示

The Enlightenment and Comparison between the Model of Connection between Secondary Vocational Education and Undergraduate Education in China and Germany

高校教育扩张背景下,中德两国的职业教育均面临创新发展的诉求。为应对世界经济对人才发展提出的新要求以及增强职业教育适应性,中德两国基于各自国情分别发展出“中本贯通”与“职教整合”模式。尽管从形式上看,两种模式均是将中学阶段的职业教育与大学阶段的本科教育进行衔接与贯通,但通过深入对比发现,两种模式在价值意涵、本质属性、架构次序、教育选择、体系规划等方面存在明显的差异。较之我国,德国经验在实现职业教育与学术教育协调发展的基础上,更是借助提升教育领域间的渗透性实现了两类教育的融合发展。这为当前优化我国“中本贯通”模式设计、重新思考职业教育与学术教育关系提供了新视角。

Under the background of higher education expansion,vocational education in both China and Germany is facing the demand of innovation.In order to cope with the new require-ments of talent development in the economic world and enhance the adaptability of vocational ed-ucation,China and Germany have developed the so⁃called Through⁃type Personnel Cultivating Model respectively based on their national conditions.Although both models connect and link up vocational education in middle school and undergraduate education in university in terms of form,it is found that there are distinct differences between the two models in value implication,essential attributes,structural order,educational choice,system planning after in⁃depth comparison.Com-pared with China,the German model not only realized the coordinated development of vocational education and academic education,but also realized the integrated development of the two by im-proving the permeability of the transition between educational fields.This provides a new perspec-tive for optimizing the design of the 3+4 Combined Program in China,which connects the second-ary vocational education and applied undergraduate education.Meanwhile,the comparison is help-ful to rethink the relationship between vocational education and academic education.