孙一奎关于“四时节律”的应用探析

An Analysis of SUN Yikui’s Application of"The Rhythms of The Four Seasons"

新安医家孙一奎重视“四时节律”对疾病的影响。从孙一奎关于疾病病因病机、脉诊分析及处方选药3个方面的论述进行阐释分析,总结其应用“四时节律”的经验,主要包括:以四时规律对疾病病因病机做出合理判断;巧用脉象变化结合四时规律断时机、定转归;对一般外感疾病用药采用春季润肺平肝、夏季清气泻火、秋季清肺泻湿、冬季解表行痰四法,特殊外感诊治则不拘一格、灵活多变,而对制药时长同样进行四时规律性调整。这对现代临床诊疗具有一定指导意义。

SUN Yikui,a doctor in Xin’an,attached great importance to the influence of"four-seasons rhythm"on diseases.This paper explains and analyzes the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases,pulse diagnosis and prescription selection based on SUN Yikui’s four seasons solar term changes.The article summarizes the experience mainly lies in using the Yin and Yang change law of pulse skillfully to determine the timing and the outcome,and make a reasonable judgment on the etiology,pathogenesis and drug use of diseases by the rule of four seasons.For general exogenous diseases,four methods are used to moisten lung and calm liver in spring,clear qi and remove fire in summer,clear lung and remove dampness in autumn,and relieve surface and remove phlegm in winter,and the diagnosis and treatment of special exogenous diseases is flexible.In addition,he made regular adjustments to the pharmaceutical time.These methods have certain guiding significance for modern clinical diagnosis and treatment.